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Patrones de Desarrollo y Fuentes de Crecimiento de la Agricultura

Author

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  • Salomón Kalmanovitz
  • Enrique López

Abstract

La estructura económica de un país se transforma en el curso de su desarrollo. La población migra de las actividades de baja productividad en el campo hacia las mejor remuneradas en la construcción, los servicios y la industria que se concentran en las ciudades. A su vez, la agricultura y en menor medida la ganadería van adquiriendo una organización industrial: contratan trabajadores asalariados, arriendan tierras para cultivos temporales o las adquieren para establecer plantaciones, y se mecanizan, de acuerdo con las necesidades, los precios relativos y las políticas públicas. Así como se eleva la productividad de las actividades urbanas, la atención de los crecientes mercados y la competencia inducen al sector agropecuario a combinar de mejor manera los factores productivos, a reducir costos y a elevar también su productividad. Otro tema relacionado con el anterior, y que ha recibido una creciente atención por parte de los economistas, es la evolución de la riqueza de los países medida por medio del indicador del ingreso per cápita que permite establecer cual ha sido la evolución de largo plazo de la riqueza de un país en desarrollo, comparado con países desarrollados o con otros países en etapas intermedias de producción de la riqueza. Para el caso colombiano es aparente que, a pesar de haber sostenido un crecimiento promedio durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX más elevado que el de algunos países desarrollados, el crecimiento de su población hasta los años ochenta le restó a su ingreso per cápita, mostrando un deterioro frente al índice provisto por los Estados Unidos. En este capítulo se hará un análisis del cambio que mostró la estructura económica colombiana entre 1950 y el año 2000, la participación de los principales sectores como industria, servicios, minero y agropecuario en el producto interno bruto a lo largo del tiempo, tratando de establecer si esa evolución se conforma con un patrón internacional de cambios en la estructura de un número grande de países o si el caso colombiano es peculiarmente distinto. Estos cambios estructurales se correlacionan entonces con ciertas novedades sectoriales de la agricultura que tuvieron lugar durante estos 50 años y que produjeron el avance de un determinado sector contra el retroceso de otros sectores.

Suggested Citation

  • Salomón Kalmanovitz & Enrique López, 2003. "Patrones de Desarrollo y Fuentes de Crecimiento de la Agricultura," Borradores de Economia 3315, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:003315
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    2. Jaime Bonet, 2007. "La terciarización de las estructuras económicas regionales en Colombia," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, May.

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