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Species Preservation and Biodiversity Value: A Real Options Approach

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Author Info
Ilhem Kassar
Pierre Lasserre ()

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Abstract

We evaluate biodiversity in a real options framework, when the resources in use are substitutable. We examine optimal conservation decisions given that a biodiversity loss is irreversible and that future use values are uncertain. While species substitutability is generally believed to reduce the value of diversity, we show that the flexibility associated with substitutability is a source of value. Marginal species value is decreasing in the number of species, but rising and convex in the value of the marginal species. As we show in the two-species homogenous model, increased volatility raises biodiversity value, and a positive correlation between species values both reduces the value of the pool of species and the value of biodiversity. The role played by the correlation between the value of a species and the value of other species, is reminiscent of the Beta of a financial asset. Just like an asset with a negative Beta derives additional value by providing insurance against fluctuations in the market portfolio, a species whose value tends to move in the opposite direction as the species in use derives additional value from its higher probability to be available for substitution if the value of the species in use diminishes.

Nous étudions la biodiversité dans un cadre d'options réelles où les ressources sont substituables. Comment optimiser les décisions de conservation quand toute perte de biodiversité est irréversible et les valeurs futures incertaines? Nous montrons que la substituabilité, normalement considérée comme réduisant la valeur d'une espèce, est en fait source de valeur. La valeur marginale est décroissante dans Ie nombre d'espèces mais croissante et convexe dans la valeur de l'espèce marginale. Pour un modèle homogène à deux espèces, nous montrons également que la volatilité est un facteur d'augmentation de la valeur de la biodiversité, tandis que la corrélation réduit tant la valeur totale que la valeur marginale des espèces. Ce rôle de la corrélation entre valeur d'une espèce et valeur des autres espèces rappelle celui du Beta des actifs financiers. De même qu'un actif au Beta négatif tire de la valeur du fait qu'il permet de s'assurer contre les fluctuations du marché, une espèce dont la valeur tend à évoluer en sens inverse de celle de l'espèce en exploitation vaut plus du fait qu'elle a plus de chances de se substituer à cette dernière si celle-ci perd de la valeur.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 2002s-82.

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Date of creation: 01 Sep 2002
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2002s-82

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Keywords: Real options; Option value; Biodiversity; Biological portfolio; Substitutability; Species; Assets; Marginal value; Options réelles; valeur d'option; portefeuille biologique; biodiversité; substituabilité; espèces; actifs; valeur marginale;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
D46 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure and Pricing - - - Value Theory
D81 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D99 - Microeconomics - - Intertemporal Choice and Growth - - - Other
G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing
H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods
Q20 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - General

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Wesseler, Justus, 2000. "Temporal Uncertainty And Irreversibility: A Theoretical Framework For The Decision To Approve The Release Of Transgenic Crops," Proceedings:Transitions in Agbiotech: Economics of Strategy and Policy, June 24-25, 1999, Washington, D.C. 26010, Regional Research Project NE-165 Private Strategies, Public Policies, and Food System Performance. [Downloadable!]
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  3. Cox, John C. & Ross, Stephen A. & Rubinstein, Mark, 1979. "Option pricing: A simplified approach," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 229-263, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Boyle, Phelim P., 1988. "A Lattice Framework for Option Pricing with Two State Variables," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(01), pages 1-12, March. [Downloadable!]
  5. Oliver Fromm, 2000. "Ecological Structure and Functions of Biodiversity as Elements of Its Total Economic Value," Environmental & Resource Economics, European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 16(3), pages 303-328, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Trigeorgis, Lenos, 1993. "The Nature of Option Interactions and the Valuation of Investments with Multiple Real Options," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(01), pages 1-20, March. [Downloadable!]
  10. Pindyck, Robert S., 1993. "Investments of uncertain cost," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 53-76, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. McDonald, Robert L & Siegel, Daniel R, 1985. "Investment and the Valuation of Firms When There Is an Option to Shut Down," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 26(2), pages 331-49, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Sedjo, Roger & Simpson, R. David, 1996. "Investments in Biodiversity Prospecting and Incentives for Conservation," Discussion Papers dp-96-14, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
  13. Arrow, Kenneth J & Fisher, Anthony C, 1974. "Environmental Preservation, Uncertainty, and Irreversibility," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 88(2), pages 312-19, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Simpson, R David & Sedjo, Roger A & Reid, John W, 1996. "Valuing Biodiversity for Use in Pharmaceutical Research," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(1), pages 163-85, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Triantis, Alexander J & Hodder, James E, 1990. " Valuing Flexibility as a Complex Option," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(2), pages 549-65, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Sedjo, Roger & Simpson, R. David, 1996. "Valuation of Biodiversity for Use in New Product Research in a Model of Sequential Search," Discussion Papers dp-96-27, Resources For the Future. [Downloadable!]
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  19. Henry, Claude, 1974. "Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty: The "Irreversibility Effect."," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 64(6), pages 1006-12, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Trommetter, M., 2004. "Biodiversity and international stakes : a question of access," Working Papers 200418, Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Marcoul, Philippe & Weninger, Quinn, 2004. "Search and active learning with correlated information: Empirical evidence from Mid-Atlantic clam fishermen," Staff General Research Papers 11601, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    Other versions:
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