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Innovation and trade in the presence of credit constraints

Author

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  • Reto Foellmi
  • Stefan Legge
  • Alexa Tiemann

Abstract

This paper examines how trade liberalization affects investment in R&D at the firm level. We provide a model with entrepreneurs that differ in their wealth endowments, causing them to rely on external funds to different extents. In the presence of capital market imperfections, this implies heterogeneous access to external financing such that poor entrepreneurs run smaller firms, are less likely to invest in R&D and are more likely to exit the market. Decreasing trade costs resulting from tariff reductions exacerbate these characteristics. Using firm‐level panel data on seven Latin American countries for 2006 and 2010, we find support for our theoretical predictions. While prior research emphasizes a positive impact of trade liberalization on firms’ productivity‐enhancing activities, we provide novel evidence showing that financial constraints can impair the effect on R&D efforts. These results suggest that imperfect capital markets can prevent welfare gains from trade liberalization to materialize. Innovation et commerce en présence de contraintes de crédit. Cet article étudie la façon dont la libéralisation des échanges a des répercussions sur l'investissement des entreprises en recherche et développement. Nous proposons un modèle dans lequel les entrepreneurs ne disposent pas des mêmes ressources financières et dépendent, à des degrés divers, de financements externes. En présence d'imperfections sur le marché des capitaux, cela suppose un accès hétérogène au financement externe : les entrepreneurs économiquement faibles à la tête de petites entreprises sont moins susceptibles d'investir en recherche et développement et sont davantage enclins à se retirer du marché. La diminution des coûts commerciaux consécutive à la baisse des tarifs douaniers accentue ces caractéristiques. Nous corroborons nos prévisions théoriques en utilisant des données de panel au niveau des entreprises de sept pays d'Amérique latine pour les années 2006 et 2010. Tandis que les recherches précédentes insistent sur les conséquences positives de la libéralisation des échanges sur les activités visant à améliorer la productivité des entreprises, nous proposons de nouveaux éléments montrant que l'effet sur les efforts en recherche et développement peut être altéré par les contraintes financières. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'imperfection des marchés de capitaux peut empêcher les gains de bien‐être favorisés par la libéralisation des échanges de se matérialiser.

Suggested Citation

  • Reto Foellmi & Stefan Legge & Alexa Tiemann, 2021. "Innovation and trade in the presence of credit constraints," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 1168-1205, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:3:p:1168-1205
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12531
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    Cited by:

    1. Carsten Eckel & Florian Unger, 2023. "Credit Constraints, Endogenous Innovations, And Price Setting In International Trade," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 64(4), pages 1715-1747, November.
    2. David Kohn & Fernando Leibovici & Michal Szkup, 2021. "Financial Frictions and International Trade," Working Papers 2021-009, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    3. Reto Foellmi & Manuel Oechslin, 2020. "Harmful Procompetitive Effects of Trade in Presence of Credit Market Frictions," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 52(6), pages 1493-1525, September.

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    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

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