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Dynamic incentives in microfinance with commitment‐type borrower

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  • Shiqu Zhou

Abstract

Shapiro (2015) points out an inherent fragility of dynamic incentives in microfinance without collateral or long‐term loans. He shows that the dynamic incentive mechanism unravels for all except a single value of initial beliefs. That is, under any parameter setup, only a single efficient equilibrium exists, in which loan terms improve over time, while an infinite number of inefficient equilibria exist, in which loan terms eventually deteriorate and even the most patient borrowers would default. I show that his concern vanishes if one introduces to the environment any positive proportion of “commitment‐type” borrowers, who never default by nature. Adding an infinitesimal proportion of commitment‐type borrowers eliminates all inefficient equilibria, while preserving the unique efficient equilibrium. Moreover, given any setup of parameters, a unique efficient equilibrium exists, in which the loan terms become more favourable over time, and the proportion of non‐defaulters converges to one. Résumé Incitations dynamiques en micro‐crédit avec emprunteurengagé. En matière de micro‐crédit, Shapiro (2015) montre qu’en l’absence de prêts à long terme ou sur nantissement, une fragilité inhérente aux incitations dynamiques demeure. Shapiro montre également qu’en matière de convictions premières, le mécanisme d’incitation dynamique échoue pour toutes les valeurs sauf une. Autrement dit, pour tous les paramètres de base, il n’existe qu’un seul équilibre efficace au sein duquel les conditions de prêt s’améliorent dans la durée, alors que parallèlement, il existe un nombre infini d’équilibres inefficaces au sein desquels les conditions de prêt finissent par se détériorer rendant le crédit impossible à rembourser même pour l’emprunteur le plus patient. Je montre que le problème soulevé par Shapiro disparaît dès lors que l’on introduit à cet environnement une proportion positive d’emprunteurs engagés qui, par nature, remboursent toujours leur dette. En introduisant une proportion infime d’emprunteurs engagés, tous les équilibres inefficaces disparaissent tout en préservant le seul qui s’avère efficace. En outre, quels que soient les paramètres de base, il n’existe qu’un seul équilibre efficace au sein duquel les conditions de prêt s’amélioreront avec le temps et où le taux de remboursement approchera un (1).

Suggested Citation

  • Shiqu Zhou, 2020. "Dynamic incentives in microfinance with commitment‐type borrower," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(3), pages 1199-1210, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:1199-1210
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12456
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