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Scandinavian Evidence on Growth and Age Structure

Author

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  • Bjorn Andersson

Abstract

The age distribution is seldom taken into consideration in macroeconometric papers in spite of the fact that established economic theories predict that demographic factors will affect the aggregate economy. This paper investigates empirically the influence of age variables on growth. Unlike recent papers on the subject, the focus here is on investigating the relationship on annual data for individual Scandinavian countries. Estimations of a typical growth specification, augmented with age variables, are run and the results indicate that economic growth is indeed affected by the age distribution, where the demographic structure catches the mediumrun trend in the growth rate. The robustness of this finding is first checked by instrumental-variable regressions to control for the potential endogeneity of the economic variables, and then by running ridge regressions to mitigate the collinearity between the age variables Rarement les etudes macro-economiques considerent la distribution de la population par age, malgre que les idees reCues predisent que les facteurs demographiques influent sur l'economie globale. Cet article cherche a examiner empiriquement l'impact sur la croissance des variables relatives a l'age. Contrairement a ¤ des articles recents a ce sujet, cet article porte sur le rapport avec des donnees annuelles pour des pays scandinaves. On evalue la croissance en fonction des specifications type, augmentees par des variables relatives a l'age, et les resultats laissent voir que la croissance economique est influencee par la distribution de la population par age, la ou la demographie capte la tendance a moyen terme du taux de croissance. On verifie la fiabilite de cette conclusion, en premier en employant des regressions a variables productives afin de controler la possibilite que les variables soient endogenes, et en deuxieme en employant des regressions en rangees pour reduire la colinearite entre les variables relatives a l'age. Obwohl anerkannte Wirtschaftstheorien vorhersagen, dass demographische Faktoren sich auf die Gesamtwirtschaft auswirken werden, wird die Altersstruktur bei makro-okonomischen Abhandlungen selten berucksichtigt. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den Einfluss von Altersvariablen auf Wirtschaftswachstum auf empirische Weise. Anders als bei kurzlich veroffentlichten Aufsatzen zu diesem Thema richtet sich die Aufmerksamkeit hier auf das oben erwahnte Verhaltnis in Bezug auf Jahresangaben fur einzelne skandinavische Lander. Es werden Schatzungen einer typischen Wachstumsangabe mit zusatzlichen Altersvariablen durchgefuhrt, und die Ergebnisse zeigen an, dass Wirtschaftswachstum tatsachlich zu dem Zeitpunkt von der Altersstruktur betroffen wird, wo die demographische Struktur die mittelfristige Tendenz der Wachstumsrate einholt. Die Aussagekraft dieses Befundes wird zunachst durch instrumentalvariable Regressionen uberpruft, als Kontrolle fur die potentiale Endogenitat der wirtschaftlichen Variablen, und dann mittels Durchfuhrung von Regressionen zur Hinderung der linearen Parallelitat der Altersvariablen.

Suggested Citation

  • Bjorn Andersson, 2001. "Scandinavian Evidence on Growth and Age Structure," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(5), pages 377-390.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:35:y:2001:i:5:p:377-390
    DOI: 10.1080/713693829
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Davidson, Russell & MacKinnon, James G., 1993. "Estimation and Inference in Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780195060119.
    2. Thomas Lindh, 2004. "Medium-term forecasts of potential GDP and inflation using age structure information," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 19-49.
    3. Durlauf, Steven N. & Quah, Danny T., 1999. "The new empirics of economic growth," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & M. Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 235-308, Elsevier.
    4. Berg, Lennart, 1996. "Age Distribution, Saving and Consumption in Sweden," Working Paper Series 1996:22, Uppsala University, Department of Economics.
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    1. Thomas Lindh, 2004. "Medium-term forecasts of potential GDP and inflation using age structure information," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(1), pages 19-49.
    2. Hofer, Helmut & Url, Thomas, 2005. "Growth Effects of Age-related Productivity Differentials in an Ageing Society. A Simulation Study for Austria," Economics Series 179, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    3. K. Navaneetham, 2002. "Age structural transition and economic growth: Evidence from South and Southeast Asia," Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum Working Papers 337, Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum, India.
    4. Sirajul Islam & Prodip Chandra Roy, 2024. "Impact of Demographic Dividend on Economic Growth: Bangladesh Perspective," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(2), pages 95-123, February.
    5. Malmberg, Bo & Lindh, Thomas & Halvarsson, Max, 2005. "Productivity consequences of workforce ageing - Stagnation or a Horndal effect?," Arbetsrapport 2005:17, Institute for Futures Studies.
    6. William Joe & Atish Kumar Dash & Pradeep Agrawal, 2015. "Demographic Transition, Savings, and Economic Growth in China and India," IEG Working Papers 351, Institute of Economic Growth.
    7. Lindh, Thomas & Malmberg, Bo, 2002. "Swedish post-war economic development. The role of age structure in a welfare state," Arbetsrapport 2003:4, Institute for Futures Studies.
    8. Shekhar Chauhan & P. Arokiasamy, 2018. "India’s demographic dividend: state-wise perspective," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 20(1), pages 1-23, April.

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