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Directional dummies in gravity models: application to Japanese inter-municipal migration by age-sex group

Author

Listed:
  • Toshihide Mizuno

    (University of Hyogo: Hyogo Kenritsu Daigaku)

  • Mitsuhiro Fujimoto

    (University of Hyogo: Hyogo Kenritsu Daigaku)

Abstract

For a given subset of regions, origin–destination flows are decomposed into (1) flows from the subset to its complement, (2) flows from the complement to the subset, (3) flows within the subset, and (4) flows within the complement. With the last flow as the base category, we define three directional dummy variables. We analyze Japan’s inter-municipal migrations by age-sex group using a standard gravity model with directional dummy variables whose regional subsets consist of major cities. Migrations between major cities are more frequent in age groups 30–59, especially for men, than migrations between other municipalities. This observation reflects the fact that many business-related transitions are taking place between major cities. Models with only origin and destination dummies cannot detect such an effect.

Suggested Citation

  • Toshihide Mizuno & Mitsuhiro Fujimoto, 2022. "Directional dummies in gravity models: application to Japanese inter-municipal migration by age-sex group," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 161-171, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:lsprsc:v:15:y:2022:i:2:d:10.1007_s12076-021-00287-0
    DOI: 10.1007/s12076-021-00287-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Gravity model; Directional dummy; Age-sex group;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • R15 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Methods
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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