Estructura y evolución de los sectores económicos estratégicos y del empleo de la economía andaluza a partir del marco Input-Output 1995-2000-2005

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de la estructura de la economía andaluza durante los períodos 1995, 2000 y 2005 mediante la metodología Input-Output. Identificando los sectores clave, la intensidad de relaciones intersectoriales, los multiplicadores de empleo y el grado de similitud estructural. Los resultados evidencian la ausencia de cambio estructural en el período para la economía andaluza, que se muestra muy orientada hacia el sector terciario y con elementos de un modelo productivo agotado: elevado peso de la construcción, débil industria y con una capacidad de generar empleo muy concentrada en el sector público y agrícola. ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the economic structure of the Andalusian economy in the periods 1995, 2000 and 2005 following Input-Output methodology. We identify key sectors using the classical methodology ash backward and forward linkages weighted. The intensity of relationships among sectors is calculated by the multiplier product matrix and its corresponding landscapes. Indexes of dependence, interdependence and independence are determined to complement the analysis and productive articulation. Because of the special importance of unemployment in the area of analysis we will study the employment multipliers and we finally analyze the structural changes in the regional economy and its evolution using a weighted similarity index to let us set conclusions about the change in the structure of the economy. Data source are from Instituto de Estadística de Andalucía, using an homogenized database for the period. Results show that key sectors are, most of them, in the Service sector: mainly Commerce, Public Administration and Health Activities, as well as Construction that push other activities of the service sector like Real State. The industrial sector is weak is weak in the region, with the exception of the Food Industry. Employment multipliers are concentrated in public activities (Education, Health Services, Public Administration), Commerce and Agricultural Sector. They have the major response in terms of employment to exogenous demand shocks. High values of the index of structural similarity reveal a very stable economic structure, both sectoral and aggregated evaluation. Thus it can be concluded that there is no structural change in the regional economy, which is rooted in traditional sectors that requires intensive labor force. The production model is based in a sold out one, that depends on Construction and it is not observed capacity in the rest of the Manufacturing sector to become a key sector in the economy.