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Les changements d’organisation du travail dans les entreprises : quelles conséquences sur les accidents du travail des salariés ?

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  • Damien Euzénat
  • Meradj Mortezapouraghdam

Abstract

[fre] Cet article étudie l’influence de l’introduction, au sein des entreprises, des nouvelles formes d’organisation du travail, souvent inspirées du toyotisme (production en juste‑à‑temps, équipes autonomes de travail…) sur le risque d’accidents du travail des salariés. Dans ce but, il estime, sur l’enquête française COI (Changements organisationnels et informatisation) dédiée à ce sujet et appariée avec les données administratives sur les accidents du travail, un modèle de données de comptage en panel à effets fixes sur les années 2003 et 2006. L’utilisation d’un tel modèle garantit que les résultats ne sont pas biaisés par l’hétérogénéité inobservée et fixe dans le temps des entreprises. L’article conclut que les changements de pratiques organisationnelles sont corrélés avec le risque d’accidents du travail, mais que cette corrélation reste modeste. Ainsi, l’obtention de la norme ISO 9001 est associée à une réduction des accidents du travail, mais seulement dans les entreprises de 200 salariés ou plus. Ce résultat suggère que la formalisation du processus de production encouragée par la norme améliore la sécurité de l’entreprise à condition que celle‑ci l’analyse. Or, les grandes entreprises disposent sans doute de plus de moyens pour entreprendre cette analyse. En outre, l’obtention d’ISO 9001 dans les petites entreprises est peut‑être plus souvent imposée par un donneur d’ordre ; de ce fait, ces entreprises sont plus susceptibles de considérer les outils proposés par la norme comme de simples formalités pour l’obtenir, sans chercher à en tirer profit. L’article conclut aussi que la mise en place de l’analyse de la valeur (qui désigne un ensemble de méthodes formalisées de résolutions de problèmes susceptibles d’intervenir dans le cadre du processus de production) est associée à une réduction des accidents du travail. Ce résultat tendrait à confirmer que ces méthodes sont efficaces.

Suggested Citation

  • Damien Euzénat & Meradj Mortezapouraghdam, 2016. "Les changements d’organisation du travail dans les entreprises : quelles conséquences sur les accidents du travail des salariés ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 486(1), pages 129-147.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2016_num_486_1_10693
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2016.10693
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2016.10693
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