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Nyugdíjrendszerek és reformok az átmeneti gazdaságokban
[Pension system and reforms in the transition economies]

Author

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  • Augusztinovics, Mária

Abstract

Az átmeneti országokban a népesség demográfiailag fiatalabb, és lassabban öregszik, mint az európai piacgazdaságokban. Ennek ellenére a nyugdíjrendszerek függőségi rátája (a nyugdíjasok aránya a járulékfizetőkhöz) sohasem látott szintre emelkedett az 1990-es évek első felében a GDP és a foglalkoztatottság drámai csökkenése, valamint az ezt kísérő, korhatár alatti nyugdíjazási hullám miatt. Az állami, felosztó-kirovó nyugdíjrendszerek azelőtt nem különböztek lényegesen Európa más országainak hasonló rendszereitől, de a tranzíciós válság súlyosbította a korábbi hiányosságokat, veszélyeztette a pénzügyi életképességet, a fizetett járulék és az érte kapott járadék közötti kapcsolat további lazításával felerősítette az áttekinthetetlen újraelosztást, megrendítette a jövőbeli ellátásokba vetett bizalmat, és ösztönözte a járulékfizetés kikerülését. A radikális nyugdíjreformok szükségessége nyilvánvalóvá vált. A közgazdaságtan neoliberális főáramlata által befolyásolva, a Világbank hathatós támogatásával, néhány átmeneti ország politikusai a vegyes nyugdíjrendszerre való áttérést választották: egy lecsökkentett méretű, állami, felosztó-kirovó alrendszer fenntartása mellett magánkezelésű nyugdíjalapokat vezettek be, második kötelező alrendszerként. Az áttérés költségeinek mértéke és finanszírozása azonban tisztázatlan maradt. A törvénybe iktatott reformok ezért valószínűleg nem lesznek életképesek és stabilak.

Suggested Citation

  • Augusztinovics, Mária, 1999. "Nyugdíjrendszerek és reformok az átmeneti gazdaságokban [Pension system and reforms in the transition economies]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 657-672.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:260
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    1. Simonovits, András, 2001. "Szolgálati idő, szabadidő és nyugdíj - ösztönzés korlátokkal [Length of employment, leisure and pension: incentives with constraints]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(5), pages 393-408.
    2. Fultz, Elaine, 2015. "Augusztinovics Mária és az ILO együttműködése - Budapest, 1999-2007 [Mária Augusztinovics and cooperation with the ILO - Budapest, 1999-2007]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(6), pages 704-706.
    3. Simonovits, András, 2000. "Újabb eredmények a nyugdíjrendszerek modellezésében [New results in modelling pension systems]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 487-508.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts

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