IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/apfinm/v30y2023i1d10.1007_s10690-022-09370-y.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Stock returns seasonality in emerging asian markets

Author

Listed:
  • Khushboo Aggarwal

    (P.G.D.A.V. College (University of Delhi))

  • Mithilesh Kumar Jha

    (P.G.D.A.V. College (University of Delhi))

Abstract

This study examines the presence of the “month of the year effect” in the six emerging Asian stock markets (India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, and South Korea) for the period January, 1991 to November, 2020 using GARCH (1, 1), EGARCH (1, 1) and TGARCH (1, 1) models. The empirical results indicate the existence of “month of the year effects” on stock returns and volatility of all the emerging Asian stock markets except Japan. The study reveals a positive and significant January effect for each country except Japan. February, April and July effects are positive and significant only in the case of Indonesia, South Korea and Malaysia respectively. The findings confirm the persistence of ARCH and GARCH effects in the monthly return series. Moreover, the asymmetric GARCH models show that the emerging Asian stock market returns exhibit asymmetric (leverage) effect. The seasonal or monthly effect in stock markets in Emerging Asian countries poses an important research question as Emerging Asia’s economic footprint has been growing significantly. The findings of the study have important implications for active and profitable trading strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Khushboo Aggarwal & Mithilesh Kumar Jha, 2023. "Stock returns seasonality in emerging asian markets," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(1), pages 109-130, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:kap:apfinm:v:30:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s10690-022-09370-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s10690-022-09370-y
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10690-022-09370-y
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10690-022-09370-y?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhang, Jilin & Lai, Yongzeng & Lin, Jianghong, 2017. "The day-of-the-Week effects of stock markets in different countries," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 47-62.
    2. Chatzitzisi, Evanthia & Fountas, Stilianos & Panagiotidis, Theodore, 2021. "Another look at calendar anomalies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 823-840.
    3. Jinghan Cai & Yuming Li & Yuehua Qi, 2006. "The Day-of-the-Week Effect: New Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market," Chinese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(2), pages 71-88, April.
    4. repec:eme:mfppss:mf-06-2019-0316 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Sias, Richard W & Starks, Laura T, 1997. "Institutions and Individuals at the Turn-of-the-Year," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(4), pages 1543-1562, September.
    6. Nelson, Daniel B, 1991. "Conditional Heteroskedasticity in Asset Returns: A New Approach," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 59(2), pages 347-370, March.
    7. Evangelos Drimbetas & Nikolaos Sariannidis & Nicos Porfiris, 2007. "The effect of derivatives trading on volatility of the underlying asset: evidence from the Greek stock market," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 139-148.
    8. Satish Kumar, 2015. "Turn-of-month effect in the Indian currency market," International Journal of Managerial Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(2), pages 232-243, April.
    9. Pandey I M, 2002. "Is There Seasonality in the Sensex Monthly Returns?," IIMA Working Papers WP2002-09-08, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    10. Reinganum, Marc R., 1983. "The anomalous stock market behavior of small firms in January : Empirical tests for tax-loss selling effects," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 89-104, June.
    11. Martin Bohl & Christian Salm, 2010. "The Other January Effect: international evidence," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(2), pages 173-182.
    12. Plastun, Alex & Sibande, Xolani & Gupta, Rangan & Wohar, Mark E., 2019. "Rise and fall of calendar anomalies over a century," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 181-205.
    13. Roll, Richard, 1983. "On computing mean returns and the small firm premium," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 371-386, November.
    14. Maher, Daniela & Parikh, Anokhi, 2013. "The turn of the month effect in India: A case of large institutional trading pattern as a source of higher liquidity," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 57-69.
    15. Lean, Hooi Hooi & Smyth, Russell & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2007. "Revisiting calendar anomalies in Asian stock markets using a stochastic dominance approach," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 125-141, April.
    16. Floros, Christos & Salvador, Enrique, 2014. "Calendar anomalies in cash and stock index futures: International evidence," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 216-223.
    17. Jones, Charles P & Pearce, Douglas K & Wilson, Jack W, 1987. "Can Tax-Loss Selling Explain the January Effect? A Note," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 42(2), pages 453-461, June.
    18. Mahendra Raj & Damini Kumari, 2006. "Day‐of‐the‐week and other market anomalies in the Indian stock market," International Journal of Emerging Markets, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 1(3), pages 235-246, July.
    19. Stilianos Fountas & Konstantinos N. Segredakis, 1999. "Emerging Stock Markets Return Seasonalities: the January Effect and the Tax-Loss Selling Hypothesis," Working Papers 37, National University of Ireland Galway, Department of Economics, revised 1999.
    20. Dyl, Edward A, 1977. "Capital Gains Taxation and Year-End Stock Market Behavior," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(1), pages 165-175, March.
    21. Nicolosi, Gina & Peng, Liang & Zhu, Ning, 2009. "Do individual investors learn from their trading experience?," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 317-336, May.
    22. Sikes, Stephanie A., 2014. "The turn-of-the-year effect and tax-loss-selling by institutional investors," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 22-42.
    23. Satish Kumar, 2015. "Turn-of-month effect in the Indian currency market," International Journal of Managerial Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(2), pages 232-243, April.
    24. Bollerslev, Tim, 1986. "Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 307-327, April.
    25. Taufiq Choudhry, 2000. "Day of the week effect in emerging Asian stock markets: evidence from the GARCH model," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(3), pages 235-242.
    26. Jeffrey R. Gerlach, 2007. "Macroeconomic News And Stock Market Calendar And Weather Anomalies," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 30(2), pages 283-300, June.
    27. Ariel, Robert A., 1987. "A monthly effect in stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 161-174, March.
    28. Jaffe, Jeffrey & Westerfield, Randolph, 1985. "Patterns in Japanese Common Stock Returns: Day of the Week and Turn of the Year Effects," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 20(2), pages 261-272, June.
    29. Athanassakos, George & Schnabel, Jacques A., 1994. "Professional portfolio managers and the January effect: theory and evidence," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 79-91.
    30. Rozeff, Michael S. & Kinney, William Jr., 1976. "Capital market seasonality: The case of stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 379-402, October.
    31. Kunkel, Robert A. & Compton, William S. & Beyer, Scott, 2003. "The turn-of-the-month effect still lives: the international evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 207-221.
    32. Glosten, Lawrence R & Jagannathan, Ravi & Runkle, David E, 1993. "On the Relation between the Expected Value and the Volatility of the Nominal Excess Return on Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1779-1801, December.
    33. Vishal Kutchu, 2012. "An Empirical Study on Day-of-the Week Effect in Indian Stock Market During Different Settlement Regimes Using Garch Framework," Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, Educational Research Multimedia & Publications,India, vol. 3(3), pages 85-91, September.
    34. Gina Nicolosi & Liang Peng & Ning Zhu, 2003. "Do Individual Investors Learn from Their Trading Experience?," Yale School of Management Working Papers ysm439, Yale School of Management, revised 01 Sep 2009.
    35. Engle, Robert F & Ng, Victor K, 1993. "Measuring and Testing the Impact of News on Volatility," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1749-1778, December.
    36. Mustafa Gultekin & Bulent Gultekin, "undated". "Stock Market Seasonality: Internal Evidence," Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research Working Papers 17-83, Wharton School Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research.
    37. Satish Kumar, 2015. "Turn-of-month effect in the Indian currency market," International Journal of Managerial Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(2), pages 232-243, April.
    38. Sharma, Susan Sunila & Narayan, Paresh Kumar, 2011. "Firm heterogeneity and calendar anomalies," Working Papers fe_2011_12, Deakin University, Department of Economics.
    39. Harshita Harshita & Shveta Singh & Surendra S. Yadav, 2018. "Calendar anomaly: unique evidence from the Indian stock market," Journal of Advances in Management Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(1), pages 87-108, February.
    40. Harshita Harshita & Shveta Singh & Surendra S. Yadav, 2018. "Calendar anomaly: unique evidence from the Indian stock market," Journal of Advances in Management Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 15(1), pages 87-108, February.
    41. repec:eme:mfppss:v:39:y:2013:i:12:p:1138-1154 is not listed on IDEAS
    42. Gibbons, Michael R & Hess, Patrick, 1981. "Day of the Week Effects and Asset Returns," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(4), pages 579-596, October.
    43. Maria Caporale, Guglielmo & Zakirova, Valentina, 2017. "Calendar anomalies in the Russian stock market," Russian Journal of Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 101-108.
    44. Rattaphon Wuthisatian, 2021. "An examination of calendar anomalies: evidence from the Thai stock market," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 49(3), pages 422-434, March.
    45. French, Kenneth R., 1980. "Stock returns and the weekend effect," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 55-69, March.
    46. George Athanassakos & Jacques A. Schnabel, 1994. "Professional portfolio managers and the January effect: theory and evidence," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 4(1), pages 79-91, September.
    47. Sharma, Susan Sunila & Narayan, Paresh Kumar, 2014. "New evidence on turn-of-the-month effects," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 92-108.
    48. Ogden, Joseph P, 1990. "Turn-of-Month Evaluations of Liquid Profits and Stock Returns: A Common Explanation for the Monthly and January Effects," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(4), pages 1259-1272, September.
    49. Keim, Donald B., 1983. "Size-related anomalies and stock return seasonality : Further empirical evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 13-32, June.
    50. Ariel, Robert A, 1990. "High Stock Returns before Holidays: Existence and Evidence on Possible Causes," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 45(5), pages 1611-1626, December.
    51. Chiah, Mardy & Zhong, Angel, 2019. "Day-of-the-week effect in anomaly returns: International evidence," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 90-92.
    52. S. Beyer & L. Garcia-Feijoo & G. R. Jensen, 2013. "Can you capitalize on the turn-of-the-year effect?," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(18), pages 1457-1468, September.
    53. Fabozzi, Frank J & Ma, Christopher K & Briley, James E, 1994. "Holiday Trading in Futures Markets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(1), pages 307-324, March.
    54. Gultekin, Mustafa N. & Gultekin, N. Bulent, 1983. "Stock market seasonality : International Evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 469-481, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Arbab Khalid Cheema & Wenjie Ding & Qingwei Wang, 2023. "The cross-section of January effect," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(6), pages 513-530, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Plastun, Alex & Sibande, Xolani & Gupta, Rangan & Wohar, Mark E., 2019. "Rise and fall of calendar anomalies over a century," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 181-205.
    2. Suliman Zakaria Suliman Abdalla, 2015. "An Investigation of the Month-of-The-Year Effect for the Sudanese Stock Market," Working Papers 924, Economic Research Forum, revised Jun 2015.
    3. Lobão, Júlio, 2019. "Seasonal anomalies in the market for American depository receipts," Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, Universidad ESAN, vol. 24(48), pages 241-265.
    4. Adam Zaremba & Jacob Koby Shemer, 2018. "Price-Based Investment Strategies," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-319-91530-2, November.
    5. Alin Marius ANDRIEŞ & Iulian IHNATOV & Nicu SPRINCEAN, 2017. "Do Seasonal Anomalies Still Exist In Central And Eastern European Countries? A Conditional Variance Approach," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 60-83, December.
    6. Stefanescu, Răzvan & Dumitriu, Ramona, 2020. "Introducere în analiza anomaliilor calendaristice, Partea a doua [An Introduction to the Analysis of the Calendar Anomalies, Part 2]," MPRA Paper 97961, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Urquhart, Andrew & McGroarty, Frank, 2014. "Calendar effects, market conditions and the Adaptive Market Hypothesis: Evidence from long-run U.S. data," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 154-166.
    8. Andrew Coutts & Christos Kaplanidis & Jennifer Roberts, 2000. "Security price anomalies in an emerging market: the case of the Athens Stock Exchange," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(5), pages 561-571.
    9. Degenhardt, Thomas & Auer, Benjamin R., 2018. "The “Sell in May” effect: A review and new empirical evidence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 169-205.
    10. Rajesh Elangovan & Francis Gnanasekar Irudayasamy & Satyanarayana Parayitam, 2022. "Month-of-the-Year Effect: Empirical Evidence from Indian Stock Market," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 29(3), pages 449-476, September.
    11. Carlos Francisco Alves & Duarte André de Castro Reis, 2018. "Evidence of Idiosyncratic Seasonality in ETFs Performance," FEP Working Papers 603, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
    12. Terence Mills & J. Andrew Coutts, 1995. "Calendar effects in the London Stock Exchange FT-SE indices," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 79-93.
    13. Stefanescu, Răzvan & Dumitriu, Ramona, 2016. "The impact of the Great Lent and of the Nativity Fast on the Bucharest Stock Exchange," MPRA Paper 89023, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 22 Dec 2016.
    14. KUMAR Satish, 2017. "A Review On The Evolution Of Calendar Anomalies," Studies in Business and Economics, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 12(1), pages 95-109, April.
    15. Khalil Jebran & Shihua Chen, 2017. "Examining anomalies in Islamic equity market of Pakistan," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 275-289, July.
    16. Tantisantiwong, Nongnuch & Halari, Anwar & Helliar, Christine & Power, David, 2018. "East meets West: When the Islamic and Gregorian calendars coincide," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(4), pages 402-424.
    17. Abdelkader Derbali & Slaheddine Hallara, 2016. "Day-of-the-week effect on the Tunisian stock market return and volatility," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(1), pages 1147111-114, December.
    18. Faheem Aslam & Ahmed Imran Hunjra & Tahar Tayachi & Peter Verhoeven & Yasir Tariq Mohmand, 2022. "Calendar Anomalies in Islamic Frontier Markets," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, May.
    19. Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan & Naheed Rabbani, 2019. "Market Conditions and Calendar Anomalies in Japanese Stock Returns," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 26(2), pages 187-209, June.
    20. Fatta Bahadur K.C. Ph. D. & Nayan Krishna Joshi, 2005. "The Nepalese Stock Market: Efficient and Calendar Anomalies," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Research Department, vol. 17, pages 40-85, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Efficient market; Month of the year effect; OLS model; GARCH models; Emerging Asian Countries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:kap:apfinm:v:30:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s10690-022-09370-y. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.