IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibf/ijbfre/v8y2014i1p89-102.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Estimation of Ecuador's Export Demand Function with the US

Author

Listed:
  • Ranjini L. Thaver
  • Christina Bova

Abstract

This paper employs the bounds testing approach to cointegration to estimate Ecuador’s export demand function with the US between 1965 and 2011 with special emphasis on dollarization’s impact on expors . We develop two different export demand models based on previous empirical studies of this nature. Model I defines real exports as a function of the US real GDP, relative prices, exchange rate volatility, and dollarization. Model II relates real exports to US real GDP, real exchange rate, volatility, and dollarization. Results confirm a unique cointegration relationship between exports and its regressors in Models I & II. In the long run, in both models, GDP is positive and elastic, while volatility is positive and inelastic. Relative prices in Model I and real exchange rate in Model II are not statistically significant. Both models reveal that dollarization has had a significant, but negative and inelastic long-run and shortrun impact on Ecuador’s exports to the US. Further, Model I seems to be superior to Model II in terms of the strength of cointegration, long-run and short-run elasticities, adjusted R2, and in satisfying diagnostic tests.

Suggested Citation

  • Ranjini L. Thaver & Christina Bova, 2014. "An Estimation of Ecuador's Export Demand Function with the US," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 8(1), pages 89-102.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibf:ijbfre:v:8:y:2014:i:1:p:89-102
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.theibfr2.com/RePEc/ibf/ijbfre/ijbfr-v8n1-2014/IJBFR-V8N1-2014-7.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Scott W. Hegerty, 2009. "The Effects of Exchange-Rate Volatility on Commodity Trade between the United States and Mexico," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 75(4), pages 1019-1044, April.
    2. Myriam Quispe-Agnoli & Elena Whisler, 2006. "Official dollarization and the banking system in Ecuador and El Salvador," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, vol. 91(Q 3), pages 55-71.
    3. Olugbenga Onafowora & Oluwole Owoye, 2008. "Exchange rate volatility and export growth in Nigeria," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(12), pages 1547-1556.
    4. Pål Boug & Andreas Fagereng, 2010. "Exchange rate volatility and export performance: a cointegrated VAR approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(7), pages 851-864.
    5. Don Bredin & Stilianos Fountas & Eithne Murphy, 2003. "An Empirical Analysis of Short-run and Long-run Irish Export Functions: Does exchange rate volatility matter?," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(2), pages 193-208.
    6. Kurt Schuler, 2005. "Some Theory and History of Dollarization," Cato Journal, Cato Journal, Cato Institute, vol. 25(1), pages 115-125, Winter.
    7. Scrimgeour, Dean, 2002. "Exchange rate volatility and currency union: New Zealand evidence," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 24(7-8), pages 739-749, November.
    8. Arize, Augustine C & Osang, Thomas & Slottje, Daniel J, 2000. "Exchange-Rate Volatility and Foreign Trade: Evidence from Thirteen LDC's," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 18(1), pages 10-17, January.
    9. Prema-Chandra Athukorala & James Riedel, 1996. "Modelling NIE exports: Aggregation, quantitative restrictions and choice of econometric methodology," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 81-98.
    10. Byrne, Joseph P. & Darby, Julia & MacDonald, Ronald, 2008. "US trade and exchange rate volatility: A real sectoral bilateral analysis," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 238-259, March.
    11. Johansen, Soren, 1992. "Cointegration in partial systems and the efficiency of single-equation analysis," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 389-402, June.
    12. E. M. Ekanayake & Ranjini Thaver, 2011. "The Impact Of Dollar-Rand Volatility On U.S. Exports To South Africa," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 5(3), pages 73-85.
    13. Tenreyro, Silvana, 2007. "On the trade impact of nominal exchange rate volatility," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(2), pages 485-508, March.
    14. Chowdhury, Abdur R, 1993. "Does Exchange Rate Volatility Depress Trade Flows? Evidence from Error-Correction Models," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 75(4), pages 700-706, November.
    15. Chou, W. L., 2000. "Exchange Rate Variability and China's Exports," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 61-79, March.
    16. Kira Hibbert & Ranjini Thaver & Mark Hutchinson, 2012. "An Econometric Analysis Of Jamaica’S Import Demand Function With The Us And Uk," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 6(1), pages 109-120.
    17. Shehu Usman Rano Aliyu, 2010. "Exchange rate volatility and export trade in Nigeria: an empirical investigation," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(13), pages 1071-1084.
    18. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    19. Gunther Schnabl, 2009. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Growth in Emerging Europe and East Asia," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 565-587, September.
    20. Kroner, Kenneth F. & Lastrapes, William D., 1993. "The impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade: Reduced form estimates using the GARCH-in-mean model," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(3), pages 298-318, June.
    21. McKenzie, Michael D. & Brooks, Robert D., 1997. "The impact of exchange rate volatility on German-US trade flows," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 7(1), pages 73-87, April.
    22. Kenneth P. Jameson, 2004. "Dollarization in Ecuador: A Post-Keynesian Analysis," Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, University of Utah 2004_05, University of Utah, Department of Economics.
    23. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    24. Paul Beckerman & Andres Solimano, 2002. "Crisis and Dollarization in Ecuador : Stability, Growth, and Social Equity," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 14256, December.
    25. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee, 2002. "Does black market exchange rate volatility deter the trade flows? Iranian experience," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(18), pages 2249-2255.
    26. Yongbok Jeon, 2009. "Balance-of-payment constrained growth: the case of China, 1979-2002," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 135-146.
    27. Eleanor Doyle, 2001. "Exchange rate volatility and Irish-UK trade, 1979-1992," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(2), pages 249-265.
    28. Yutaka Kurihara, 2003. "Apec: International Trade And Output," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(3), pages 207-217, October.
    29. Qian, Ying & Varangis, Panos, 1994. "Does Exchange Rate Volatility Hinder Export Growth?," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 371-396.
    30. Choudhry, Taufiq, 2005. "Exchange rate volatility and the United States exports: evidence from Canada and Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 51-71, March.
    31. Jeffrey Frankel & Andrew Rose, 2002. "An Estimate of the Effect of Common Currencies on Trade and Income," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 117(2), pages 437-466.
    32. Tsangyao Chang & Yuan-Hong Ho & Chiung-Ju Huang, 2005. "A Reexamination Of South Korea¡¯S Aggregate Import Demand Function: The Bounds Test Analysis," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 30(1), pages 119-128, June.
    33. Alain Ize & Andrew Powell, 2005. "Prudential Responses to de facto Dollarization," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(4), pages 241-262.
    34. Aristotelous, Kyriacos, 2001. "Exchange-rate volatility, exchange-rate regime, and trade volume: evidence from the UK-US export function (1889-1999)," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(1), pages 87-94, July.
    35. Roberto Chang, 2000. "Dollarization: a scorecard," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, vol. 85(Q3), pages 1-12.
    36. Ranjini L. Thaver & E. M. Ekanayake & Daniel R. Plante, 2012. "An Estimation Of The Impact Of Gear And Nepad On South Africa'S Disaggregated Import Demand Function With Nigeria," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 6(2), pages 69-79.
    37. Alexandre MINDA (LEREPS-GRES), 2005. "Official dollarization : a last resort solution to financial instability in Latin America ?," Cahiers du GRES (2002-2009) 2005-02, Groupement de Recherches Economiques et Sociales.
    38. Asseery, A. & Peel, D. A., 1991. "The effects of exchange rate volatility on exports : Some new estimates," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 173-177, October.
    39. Nelson Modeste, 2011. "An Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Imports in Three CARICOM Member Countries: An Application of the Bounds Test for Cointegration," The Review of Black Political Economy, Springer;National Economic Association, vol. 38(1), pages 53-62, March.
    40. Johansen, Søren & Juselius, Katarina, 1992. "Testing structural hypotheses in a multivariate cointegration analysis of the PPP and the UIP for UK," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1-3), pages 211-244.
    41. Ranjini L. Thaver & E. M. Ekanayake, 2010. "The Impact Of Apartheid And International Sanctions On South Africa'S Import Demand Function: An Empirical Analysis," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 4(4), pages 11-22.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lilian Tomu & Knowledge Mutodi & Tinashe Chuchu & Eugine Tafadzwa Maziriri, 2021. "The Impact of Dollarization Policy on Zimbabwe Exports: A Gravity Model Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 11(3), pages 55-63.
    2. Paniagua-Molina, Javier & Solís-Rivera, Luis Ricardo, 2020. "Effect of “Golden Pineapple Innovation” on Costa Rica's Pineapple Exports to U.S. Market: An Econometric Approach," International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Department of Economics and Finance, vol. 8(3), July.
    3. Molina, Javier Paniagua & Solórzano-Thompson, Johanna & Barboza-Navarro, David, 2022. "Demand for Maize Seed in Costa Rica and Its Relationship with Imports and Agricultural Policies," International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Department of Economics and Finance, vol. 10(3), July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. E. M. Ekanayake & Ranjini L. Thaver & Daniel Plante, 2012. "The Effects Of Exchange Rate Volatility On South Africa’S Trade With The European Union," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 6(3), pages 13-26.
    2. Carlos Moslares & E. M. Ekanayake, 2015. "The Impact Of Exchange Rate Volatility On Commodity Trade Between The United States And Spain," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 9(4), pages 37-49.
    3. repec:ibf:ijbfre:v:11:y:2017:i:2:p:23-38 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Carlos Moslares & E. M. Ekanayake, 2018. "The Effect Of Real Exchange Rate Volatility On Exports In The Baltic Region," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 12(1), pages 23-38.
    5. Erdal Demirhan & Banu Demirhan, 2015. "The Dynamic Effect of ExchangeRate Volatility on Turkish Exports: Parsimonious Error-Correction Model Approach," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 62(4), pages 429-451, September.
    6. E. M. Ekanayake & John R. Ledgerwood & Sabrina D’Souza, 2010. "The Real Exchange Rate Volatility And U.S. Exports: An Empirical Investigation," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 4(1), pages 23-35.
    7. Mohsen Bahmani‐Oskooee & Toan Luu Duc Huynh & Muhammad Ali Nasir, 2021. "On the asymmetric effects of exchange‐rate volatility on trade flows: Evidence from US–UK Commodity Trade," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 68(1), pages 51-102, February.
    8. Nishimura, Yusaku & Hirayama, Kenjiro, 2013. "Does exchange rate volatility deter Japan-China trade? Evidence from pre- and post-exchange rate reform in China," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 25, pages 90-101.
    9. Hasanov Akram, 2011. "Exchange rate risk and trade flows: the case of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine," EERC Working Paper Series 11/09e, EERC Research Network, Russia and CIS.
    10. Yusaku Nishimura & Bianxia Sun, 2018. "China’s Exchange-Rate Regime Reform and Trade Between China and the Eurozone," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(2), pages 450-467, January.
    11. Jonathan M. Chipili, 2013. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows in Zambia," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 25(1), pages 55-66, March.
    12. Chandan Sharma, 2019. "Exchange rate volatility and exports from India: a commodity-level panel data analysis," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(1), pages 23-44, June.
    13. Bouoiyour, Jamal & Selmi, Refk, 2015. "A synthesis of the effects of exchange rate uncertainty on international trade via Meta-Regression analysis," MPRA Paper 65737, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Pål Boug & Andreas Fagereng, 2010. "Exchange rate volatility and export performance: a cointegrated VAR approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(7), pages 851-864.
    15. Mohsen Bahmani‐Oskooee & Hanafiah Harvey, 2022. "The U.S.‐Canadian trade and exchange rate uncertainty: Asymmetric evidence from commodity trade," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(3), pages 841-866, March.
    16. Chi, Junwook & Cheng, Seu Keow, 2016. "Do exchange rate volatility and income affect Australia’s maritime export flows to Asia?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 13-21.
    17. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Huseyin Karamelikli, 2022. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Commodity Trade between U.K. and China: An Asymmetric Analysis," Chinese Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(1), pages 41-65, January.
    18. Innocent U Duru & Millicent Adanne Eze & Abubakar Sadiq Saleh & Benedict I Uzoechina & Gabriel O Ebenyi & Ekechi Chukwuka, 2022. "Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports: The Nigerian Scenario," Asian Journal of Empirical Research, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 12(1), pages 11-28.
    19. Bouoiyour, Jamal & Selmi, Refk, 2013. "Exchange rate uncertainty and export performance: what meta-analysis reveals?," MPRA Paper 49249, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Aug 2013.
    20. Sung-Ko Li & Chun-Kei Tsang, 2020. "The Impacts Of Biased Resource Allocation On The Effectiveness Of Official Development Assistance," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 65(01), pages 239-256, March.
    21. Shaista Alam & Qazi Masood Ahmed & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2018. "The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Pakistan’s Bilateral Exports to Major Recipients," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 19(2), pages 328-341, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ecuador; Export Demand; Dollarization; Elasticity; Cointegration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ibf:ijbfre:v:8:y:2014:i:1:p:89-102. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Mercedes Jalbert (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.