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Gender wage differentials in Spain: a distributional approach by subpopulations

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Author Info
Carlos Gradín () (Universidad de Vigo)
Coral del Río () (Universidad de Vigo)

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Abstract

In this paper we analyze changes in gender wage differentials in Spain between 1995 and 2002, with special attention to the distribution of labor and socioeconomic characteristics across female workers. A decline was observed in the differential, mainly driven by an increasing percentage of women holding a college degree. However, there is a persistent, if not increasing, wage gap which cannot be explained by observed productivity characteristics (discrimination component), this being especially important among high paid women without college degree. This fact contributed to reinforce the well known “glass ceilings” phenomenon among these females. On the contrary, discrimination appeared to decline among women holding a university degree, as well as among low paid female workers, mitigating the “sticky floors” problem in this last case.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by IEF in its journal Hacienda Pública Española/Revista de Economía Pública.

Volume (Year): 189 (2009)
Issue (Month): 2 (June)
Pages: 9-46
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Handle: RePEc:hpe:journl:y:2009:v:189:i:2:p:9-46

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Related research
Keywords: Distributional analysis; gender economics; wage discrimination; glass ceilings; sticky floors;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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  1. Plasman, Robert & Sissoko, Salimata, 2004. "Comparing Apples with Oranges: Revisiting the Gender Wage Gap in an International Perspective," IZA Discussion Papers 1449, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Sara Rica & Juan Dolado & Vanesa Llorens, 2008. "Ceilings or floors? Gender wage gaps by education in Spain," Journal of Population Economics, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 751-776, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Wiji Arulampalam & Alison Booth & Mark L. Bryan, 2006. "Is There a Glass Ceiling over Europe? Exploring the Gender Pay Gap across the Wages Distribution," CEPR Discussion Papers 510, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Coral del Río & Carlos Gradín & Olga Cantó, 2006. "The measurement of gender wage discrimination: The distributional approach revisited," Working Papers 25, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. James Albrecht & Anders Bjorklund & Susan Vroman, 2003. "Is There a Glass Ceiling in Sweden?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 21(1), pages 145-177, January. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Jenkins, Stephen P., 1994. "Earnings discrimination measurement : A distributional approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 61(1), pages 81-102, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Booth, Alison L. & Francesconi, Marco & Frank, Jeff, 2003. "A sticky floors model of promotion, pay, and gender," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 295-322, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. Kahn, 2003. "Understanding International Differences in the Gender Pay Gap," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 21(1), pages 106-144, January. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes & Sara De la Rica, 2006. "The Role of Segregation and Pay Structure on the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data for Spain," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, Berkeley Electronic Press, vol. 0(1). [Downloadable!]
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