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A Promotional Construction Approach for an Urban Three-Dimensional Compactness Model—Law-of-Gravitation-Based

Author

Listed:
  • Xinyue Hu

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China
    Both of Xinyue Hu and Han Yan are the Co-First Author.)

  • Han Yan

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    Both of Xinyue Hu and Han Yan are the Co-First Author.)

  • Deng Wang

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Zhuoqun Zhao

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Guoqin Zhang

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China)

  • Tao Lin

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China)

  • Hong Ye

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
    Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China)

Abstract

Urban sprawl has led to various economic, social, and environmental problems. Therefore, it is very significant to improve the efficiency of resource usage and promote the development of compact urban form. It is a common topic that measuring urban compactness is done with certain ways and methods as well. Presently, most urban compactness measurement methods are based on two-dimensional (2D) formats, but methods based on three-dimensional (3D) formats that can precisely describe the actual urban spatial conditions are still lacking. To measure the compactness of the 3D urban spatial form accurately, a 3D Compactness Index (VCI) was established based on the Law of Gravitation and the quantitative measurement model. In this model, larger 3D Compactness Index values indicate a more 3D-compact city. However, different urban scales may influence the discrepancy scale of different cities. Thus, the 3D Compactness Index model was normalized as the Normalized 3D Compactness Index (NVCI) to eliminate such discrepancies. In the Normalized 3D Compactness Index model, a sphere with the same volume of real urban buildings in the city was assumed as the most compact 3D urban form, and which was also calculated by 3D Compactness Index processing. The compactness value of the normalized 3D urban form is obtained by comparing the 3D Compactness Index with the most compact 3D urban form. In this study, 1149 typical communities in Xiamen, China, were selected as the experimental fields to verify the index. Some of communities have a quite different Normalized 3D Compactness Index, although they have a similar Normalized 2D Compactness Index (NCI), respectively. Moreover, comparing with the 2D Compactness Index (CI) and Normalized 2D Compactness Index (NCI), the 3D Compactness Index and Normalized 3D Compactness Index can describe and explain reality more precisely. The constructed 3D urban compactness model is expected to contribute to scientific study on urban compactness.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinyue Hu & Han Yan & Deng Wang & Zhuoqun Zhao & Guoqin Zhang & Tao Lin & Hong Ye, 2020. "A Promotional Construction Approach for an Urban Three-Dimensional Compactness Model—Law-of-Gravitation-Based," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:17:p:6777-:d:401934
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Jinghu Pan & Xiuwei Zhu & Xin Zhang, 2022. "Urban Vitality Measurement and Influence Mechanism Detection in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-24, December.

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