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Assessing the Performance of Sustainable Development Goals of EU Countries: Hard and Soft Data Integration

Author

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  • Ewa Chodakowska

    (Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Joanicjusz Nazarko

    (Faculty of Engineering Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

Abstract

The European Union (EU) energy policy for sustainable development has been the topic of continuous debate, research, and analysis, which frequently focused on objectives and the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative performance. Different approaches can be used for the assessment of sustainable development goals. The authors of the article conducted a literature review of relevant research papers dated 2016–2020. The most common are quantitative methods based on hard data. Some qualitative studies based on soft data are also available but rare. This article proposes hybrid Rough Set Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Rough Set Network DEA models that integrate both approaches. Also, the models allow the inclusion of uncertainty in the underlying data. The article uses hard data of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the results of the EU survey regarding the influence of the socio-economic environment on CO 2 emissions in EU countries. The authors demonstrate that multifaceted and objective assessment is possible by merging concepts from the set theory and operational research.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Chodakowska & Joanicjusz Nazarko, 2020. "Assessing the Performance of Sustainable Development Goals of EU Countries: Hard and Soft Data Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-26, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:13:p:3439-:d:379898
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    Cited by:

    1. Joanicjusz Nazarko & Ewa Chodakowska & Łukasz Nazarko, 2022. "Evaluating the Transition of the European Union Member States towards a Circular Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-24, May.
    2. Sławomira Hajduk & Dorota Jelonek, 2021. "A Decision-Making Approach Based on TOPSIS Method for Ranking Smart Cities in the Context of Urban Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-23, May.
    3. Ewa Chodakowska & Joanicjusz Nazarko & Łukasz Nazarko, 2021. "ARIMA Models in Electrical Load Forecasting and Their Robustness to Noise," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, November.
    4. Mariusz Zieliński & Izabela Jonek-Kowalska, 2021. "Does CSR Affect the Profitability and Valuation of Energy Companies? An Example from Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-24, June.
    5. Talat S. Genc & Stephen Kosempel, 2023. "Energy Transition and the Economy: A Review Article," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-26, March.
    6. Sungsig Bang, 2020. "Performance Evaluation of Energy Research Projects Using DEA Super-Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    7. Victor Goman & Vladimir Prakht & Vadim Kazakbaev & Vladimir Dmitrievskii, 2021. "Comparative Study of Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions of Variable-Speed Electric Drives with Induction and Synchronous Reluctance Motors in Pump Units," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(21), pages 1-16, October.
    8. Jun-Der Leu & Wen-Hsien Tsai & Mei-Niang Fan & Sophia Chuang, 2020. "Benchmarking Sustainable Manufacturing: A DEA-Based Method and Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    9. Ionescu, Romeo-Victor & Zlati, Monica Laura & Antohi, Valentin-Marian & Susanu, Irina Olimpia & Cristache, Nicoleta, 2022. "A new approach on renewable energy as a support for regional economic development among the European Union," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).

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