IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jecomi/v7y2019i2p38-d228678.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Causality between Terrorism and FDI in Tourism: Evidence from Panel Data

Author

Listed:
  • Maja Nikšić Radić

    (Department of International Economics and Development, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Rijeka, 51410 Opatija, Croatia)

  • Daniel Dragičević

    (Department of Micro- and Macroeconomics, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Rijeka, 51410 Opatija, Croatia)

  • Marina Barkiđija Sotošek

    (Department of Tourism, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Rijeka, 51414 Ika, Croatia)

Abstract

The aim of this research was to examine the causal link between terrorism and FDI in tourism on the example of a panel of 50 countries for the period from 2000 to 2016. Other control variables were included in order to ensure the validity of the results—number of international tourist arrivals per capita, the KAOPEN index, the KOF Globalisation Index and GDP per capita. The main goal was to look at this issue from the perspective that terrorism does not affect FDI in tourism. The research employed the Granger causality test in a vector autoregressive model (VAR model), the analysis of variance decomposition and the impulse response function within the panel setting. Based on research results, it was found that terrorism does not Granger cause FDI in tourism. The results are in line with recent research related to the subject matter which indicated that the negative effect of terrorism on FDI in tourism was questionable.

Suggested Citation

  • Maja Nikšić Radić & Daniel Dragičević & Marina Barkiđija Sotošek, 2019. "Causality between Terrorism and FDI in Tourism: Evidence from Panel Data," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-19, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:7:y:2019:i:2:p:38-:d:228678
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/7/2/38/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/7/2/38/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Simplice A. Asongu & Uchenna R. Efobi & Ibukun Beecroft, 2015. "FDI, Aid, Terrorism: Conditional Threshold Evidence from Developing Countries," Research Africa Network Working Papers 15/019, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    2. Caroline T Witte & Martijn J Burger & Elena I Ianchovichina & Enrico Pennings, 2017. "Dodging bullets: The heterogeneous effect of political violence on greenfield FDI," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(7), pages 862-892, September.
    3. Ahmad Jafari Samimi & Somaye Sadeghi & Soraya Sadeghi, 2013. "The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Tourism Development: Evidence from Developing Countries," Institutions and Economies (formerly known as International Journal of Institutions and Economies), Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya, vol. 5(2), pages 59-68, July.
    4. Helmut Lütkepohl, 2005. "New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-540-27752-1, December.
    5. Bruce A. Blonigen & Jeremy Piger, 2019. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Foreign Direct Investment, chapter 1, pages 3-54, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Kolstad, Ivar & Villanger, Espen, 2008. "Determinants of foreign direct investment in services," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 518-533, June.
    7. Stephen J Kobrin, 1979. "Political Risk: A Review and Reconsideration," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 10(1), pages 67-80, March.
    8. Holtz-Eakin, Douglas & Newey, Whitney & Rosen, Harvey S, 1988. "Estimating Vector Autoregressions with Panel Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 56(6), pages 1371-1395, November.
    9. Kis-Katos, Krisztina & Liebert, Helge & Schulze, Günther G., 2011. "On the origin of domestic and international terrorism," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 27(S1), pages 17-36.
    10. Steven Globerman & Daniel Shapiro, 2003. "Governance infrastructure and US foreign direct investment," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 34(1), pages 19-39, January.
    11. Douglas Nigh, 1985. "The Effect of Political Events on United States Direct Foreign Investment: A Pooled Time-Series Cross-Sectional Analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 16(1), pages 1-17, March.
    12. David W Loree & Stephen E Guisinger, 1995. "Policy and Non-Policy Determinants of U.S. Equity Foreign Direct Investment," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 26(2), pages 281-299, June.
    13. Kechagia, Polyxeni & Metaxas, Theodore, 2017. "FDI and Terrorism in the developing Asian countries: A panel data analysis," MPRA Paper 80945, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Moore, Winston & CRAIGWELL, ROLAND, 2008. "Foreign direct investment and tourism in SIDS: evidence from panel causality tests," MPRA Paper 33438, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Pietra Rivoli & Eugene Salorio, 1996. "Foreign Direct Investment and Investment under Uncertainty," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 27(2), pages 335-357, June.
    16. Walter Enders & Todd Sandler & Gerald F. Parise, 1992. "An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Terrorism on Tourism," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 531-554, November.
    17. Douglas M. Sanford Jr & Huiping Dong, 2000. "Investment in Familiar Territory: Tourism and New Foreign Direct Investment," Tourism Economics, , vol. 6(3), pages 205-219, September.
    18. Chermak, J. M., 1992. "Political risk analysis : Past and present," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 167-178, September.
    19. Schneider, Friedrich & Frey, Bruno S., 1985. "Economic and political determinants of foreign direct investment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 161-175, February.
    20. Axel Dreher, 2006. "Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(10), pages 1091-1110.
    21. Kundu, Sumit K. & Contractor, Farok J., 1999. "Country location choices of service multinationals: An empirical study of the international hotel sector," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 5(4), pages 299-317.
    22. D Sethi & S E Guisinger & S E Phelan & D M Berg, 2003. "Trends in foreign direct investment flows: a theoretical and empirical analysis," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 34(4), pages 315-326, July.
    23. Bassil Charbel, 2014. "The Effect of Terrorism on Tourism Demand in the Middle East," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 20(4), pages 1-16, December.
    24. Eckstein, Zvi & Tsiddon, Daniel, 2004. "Macroeconomic consequences of terror: theory and the case of Israel," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(5), pages 971-1002, July.
    25. Abadie, Alberto & Gardeazabal, Javier, 2008. "Terrorism and the world economy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 1-27, January.
    26. Matthew Powers & Seung-Whan Choi, 2012. "Does transnational terrorism reduce foreign direct investment? Business-related versus non-business-related terrorism," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 49(3), pages 407-422, May.
    27. Michael R.M. Abrigo & Inessa Love, 2016. "Estimation of Panel Vector Autoregression in Stata: a Package of Programs," Working Papers 201602, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
    28. Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Todd Sandler & Javed Younas, 2014. "Foreign direct investment, aid, and terrorism," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 66(1), pages 25-50, January.
    29. Walter Enders & Todd Sandler & Khusrav Gaibulloev, 2011. "Domestic Versus Transnational Terrorism: Data, Decomposition, and Dynamics," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 48(3), pages 319-337, May.
    30. Liu, Wen-Hsien, 2005. "Determinants of the semiconductor industry cycles," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 27(7), pages 853-866, October.
    31. Blomberg, S. Brock & Hess, Gregory D. & Orphanides, Athanasios, 2004. "The macroeconomic consequences of terrorism," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(5), pages 1007-1032, July.
    32. Robert G. Blanton & Shannon L. Blanton, 2012. "Labor Rights and Foreign Direct Investment: Is There a Race to the Bottom?," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(3), pages 267-294, July.
    33. Kobrin, Stephen J., 1980. "Foreign enterprise and forced divestment in LDCs," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 34(1), pages 65-88, January.
    34. Ang, James B., 2008. "Determinants of foreign direct investment in Malaysia," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 185-189.
    35. Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
    36. Enders, Walter & Sandler, Todd & Parise, Gerald F, 1992. "An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Terrorism on Tourism," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 531-554.
    37. Metaxas, Theodore & Kechagia, Polyxeni, 2017. "FDI and Terrorism in developing Asia: Approaches and Discussion," MPRA Paper 78165, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    38. Krug, B. & Reinmoeller, P., 2003. "The Hidden Cost of Ubiquity: Globalisation and Terrorism," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2003-062-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    39. Li, Quan & Resnick, Adam, 2003. "Reversal of Fortunes: Democratic Institutions and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Developing Countries," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 57(1), pages 175-211, January.
    40. Sumei Tang & E.A. Selvanathan & Saroja Selvanathan, 2007. "The Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Tourism: Empirical Evidence from China," Tourism Economics, , vol. 13(1), pages 25-39, March.
    41. Maja Nikšić Radić, 2018. "Terrorism as a Determinant of Attracting FDI in Tourism: Panel Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sukampon Chongwilaikasaem & Chaleampong Kongcharoen & Nakarin Amarase, 2022. "Relationship between Conflict and Labor Market in the Deep South of Thailand," PIER Discussion Papers 193, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research.
    2. Choudhary, Sheraz Ahmad & Khan, Muhammad Azhar & Sheikh, Abdullah Zafar & Jabor, Mohd Khata & Nordin, Mohd Safarin bin & Nassani, Abdelmohsen A. & Alotaibi, Saad M. & Abro, Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi & V, 2020. "Role of information and communication technologies on the war against terrorism and on the development of tourism: Evidence from a panel of 28 countries," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Maja Nikšić Radić, 2018. "Terrorism as a Determinant of Attracting FDI in Tourism: Panel Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Caroline T Witte & Martijn J Burger & Elena I Ianchovichina & Enrico Pennings, 2017. "Dodging bullets: The heterogeneous effect of political violence on greenfield FDI," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(7), pages 862-892, September.
    3. Bailey, Nicholas, 2018. "Exploring the relationship between institutional factors and FDI attractiveness: A meta-analytic review," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 139-148.
    4. Gardeazabal, Javier, 2010. "Methods for Measuring Aggregate Costs of Conflict," DFAEII Working Papers 1988-088X, University of the Basque Country - Department of Foundations of Economic Analysis II.
    5. Thomas Gries & Tim Krieger & Daniel Meierrieks, 2011. "Causal Linkages Between Domestic Terrorism and Economic Growth," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(5), pages 493-508, June.
    6. Geert Bekaert & Campbell R Harvey & Christian T Lundblad & Stephan Siegel, 2014. "Political risk spreads," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 45(4), pages 471-493, May.
    7. Dimitra Mitsi & Constantina Kottaridi, 2022. "Fiscal and non-fiscal institutional context effects and foreign direct investment: empirical evidence in developing countries," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 72(1-2), pages 11-33, January-J.
    8. Peter Egger & Martin Gassebner, 2015. "International terrorism as a trade impediment?," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 67(1), pages 42-62.
    9. Amar Iqbal Anwar & Mazhar Mughal, 2013. "Foreign Financial Flows and Terrorism In Developing Countries," Working Papers hal-01885149, HAL.
    10. Kis-Katos, Krisztina & Liebert, Helge & Schulze, Günther G., 2014. "On the heterogeneity of terror," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 116-136.
    11. Haider, Murtaza & Anwar, Amar, 2014. "Impact of terrorism on FDI flows to Pakistan," MPRA Paper 57165, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Erasmo Giambona & John R Graham & Campbell R Harvey, 2017. "The management of political risk," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(4), pages 523-533, May.
    13. Sultan Mehmood, 2014. "Terrorism and the macroeconomy: Evidence from Pakistan," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(5), pages 509-534, October.
    14. Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Todd Sandler & Javed Younas, 2016. "Trade and Terrorism: A Disaggregated Approach," Working Papers 2016-1, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    15. Seabra, Claudia & Reis, Pedro & Abrantes, José Luís, 2020. "The influence of terrorism in tourism arrivals: A longitudinal approach in a Mediterranean country," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    16. Bruno S. Frey & Simon Luechinger & Alois Stutzer, 2007. "Calculating Tragedy: Assessing The Costs Of Terrorism," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(1), pages 1-24, February.
    17. Khusrav Gaibulloev & Todd Sandler & Donggyu Sul, "undated". "Reevaluating Terrorism and Economic Growth: Dynamic Panel Analysis and Cross-Sectional Dependence," Economics Working Papers 02-03/2013, School of Business Administration, American University of Sharjah.
    18. Kollias, Christos & Manou, Efthalia & Papadamou, Stephanos & Stagiannis, Apostolos, 2011. "Stock markets and terrorist attacks: Comparative evidence from a large and a small capitalization market," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 27(S1), pages 64-77.
    19. Dimitrova, Anna & Triki, Dora & Valentino, Alfredo, 2022. "The effects of business- and non-business-targeting terrorism on FDI to the MENA region: The moderating role of political regime," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(6).
    20. Jean Lacroix & Pierre-Guillaume Méon & Khalid Sekkat, 2017. "Do democratic transitions attract foreign investors and how fast?," Working Papers CEB 17-006, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:7:y:2019:i:2:p:38-:d:228678. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.