IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/transe/v114y2018icp220-241.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Parallel importation in a supply Chain: The impact of gray market structure

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Hai
  • Shao, Jing
  • Zhu, Stuart X.

Abstract

With the rapid development of global economic integration, the size of gray markets continues to expand. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of different structures of gray markets on supply chain decisions and profits. Using game theory, we comprehensively analyze pricing and quantity decisions under monopoly parallel importation (either third-party parallel importation or retailer parallel importation), and duopoly parallel importation, including three different structures in which the retailer and the third-party parallel importation coexist in gray markets with different power structures. We obtain equilibrium results for each structure, compare the optimal strategies of these structures, and develop valuable insights.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Hai & Shao, Jing & Zhu, Stuart X., 2018. "Parallel importation in a supply Chain: The impact of gray market structure," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 220-241.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:114:y:2018:i:c:p:220-241
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2018.04.006
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136655451730738X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.tre.2018.04.006?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bennato, Anna Rita & Valletti, Tommaso, 2014. "Pharmaceutical innovation and parallel trade," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 83-92.
    2. Yongmin Chen & Keith Maskus, 2005. "Vertical Pricing and Parallel Imports," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18.
    3. Xuan Nguyen & Chi†Chur Chao & Pasquale Sgro & Munirul Nabin, 2017. "Cross†border Travellers and Parallel Trade: Implications for Asian Economies," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(8), pages 1531-1546, August.
    4. Raff, Horst & Schmitt, Nicolas, 2007. "Why parallel trade may raise producers' profits," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 434-447, April.
    5. Jing Shao & Harish Krishnan & S. Thomas McCormick, 2016. "Gray Markets and Supply Chain Incentives," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 25(11), pages 1807-1819, November.
    6. Keith E. Maskus & Yongmin Chen, 2004. "Vertical Price Control and Parallel Imports: Theory and Evidence," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(4), pages 551-570, September.
    7. Li, Changying & Robles, Jack, 2007. "Product innovation and parallel trade," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 417-429, April.
    8. Kim, Bosung & Park, Kun Soo, 2016. "Organizational structure of a global supply chain in the presence of a gray market: Information asymmetry and valuation difference," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 71-80.
    9. S. Chan Choi, 1991. "Price Competition in a Channel Structure with a Common Retailer," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 10(4), pages 271-296.
    10. Romana L. Autrey & Francesco Bova & David A. Soberman, 2014. "Organizational Structure and Gray Markets," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 33(6), pages 849-870, November.
    11. Zhang, Jianqiang, 2016. "The benefits of consumer rebates: A strategy for gray market deterrence," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 251(2), pages 509-521.
    12. Iravani, Foad & Dasu, Sriram & Ahmadi, Reza, 2016. "Beyond price mechanisms: How much can service help manage the competition from gray markets?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 252(3), pages 789-800.
    13. Pan, Kewen & Lai, K.K. & Leung, Stephen C.H. & Xiao, Di, 2010. "Revenue-sharing versus wholesale price mechanisms under different channel power structures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 203(2), pages 532-538, June.
    14. Wei, Jie & Zhao, Jing & Li, Yongjian, 2013. "Pricing decisions for complementary products with firms’ different market powers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 224(3), pages 507-519.
    15. Reza Ahmadi & B. Rachel Yang, 2000. "Parallel Imports: Challenges from Unauthorized Distribution Channels," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 19(3), pages 279-294, March.
    16. Ganslandt, Mattias & Maskus, Keith E., 2007. "Vertical distribution, parallel trade, and price divergence in integrated markets," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(4), pages 943-970, May.
    17. Romana L. Autrey & Francesco Bova & David A. Soberman, 2015. "When Gray is Good: Gray Markets and Market-Creating Investments," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 24(4), pages 547-559, April.
    18. Reza Ahmadi & Foad Iravani & Hamed Mamani, 2017. "Supply Chain Coordination in the Presence of Gray Markets and Strategic Consumers," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 26(2), pages 252-272, February.
    19. Hai Li & Stuart X. Zhu & Nanfang Cui & Jianbin Li, 2016. "Analysis of gray markets in differentiated duopoly," International Journal of Production Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(13), pages 4008-4027, July.
    20. Edirisinghe, N.C.P. & Bichescu, B. & Shi, X., 2011. "Equilibrium analysis of supply chain structures under power imbalance," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 214(3), pages 568-578, November.
    21. Ying Xiao & Udatta Palekar & Yunchuan Liu, 2011. "Shades of gray—the impact of gray markets on authorized distribution channels," Quantitative Marketing and Economics (QME), Springer, vol. 9(2), pages 155-178, June.
    22. Reza Ahmadi & Foad Iravani & Hamed Mamani, 2015. "Coping with Gray Markets: The Impact of Market Conditions and Product Characteristics," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 24(5), pages 762-777, May.
    23. Wu, Cheng-Han & Chen, Chieh-Wan & Hsieh, Chung-Chi, 2012. "Competitive pricing decisions in a two-echelon supply chain with horizontal and vertical competition," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(1), pages 265-274.
    24. Chen, Xu & Wang, Xiaojun & Chan, Hing Kai, 2017. "Manufacturer and retailer coordination for environmental and economic competitiveness: A power perspective," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 268-281.
    25. Matsui, Kenji, 2014. "Gray-market trade with product information service in global supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(PB), pages 351-361.
    26. Zhongju Zhang & Juan Feng, 2017. "Price of Identical Product with Gray Market Sales: An Analytical Model and Empirical Analysis," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 28(2), pages 397-412, June.
    27. Meixell, Mary J. & Gargeya, Vidyaranya B., 2005. "Global supply chain design: A literature review and critique," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 531-550, November.
    28. Sungho Yun, 2017. "Parallel Imports, their Deterrence and Accommodation with Service Differentiation," The International Trade Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 217-231, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Glavas, Charmaine & Mortimer, Gary & Ding, Han & Grimmer, Louise & Vorobjovas-Pinta, Oscar & Grimmer, Martin, 2023. "How entrepreneurial behaviors manifest in non-traditional, heterodox contexts: Exploration of the Daigou phenomenon," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 19(C).
    2. Li, Hai & Shao, Jing & Zhu, Stuart X., 2020. "Impacts of power dynamics and gray markets on supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    3. Yushi Tsunoda, 2022. "When should a firm set its selling price to cope with gray market trade?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 16-25, January.
    4. Li, Hai & Leng, Kaijun & Qing, Qiankai & Zhu, Stuart X., 2018. "Strategic interplay between store brand introduction and online direct channel introduction," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 272-290.
    5. Shi, Xiutian & Tang, Jianxi & Dong, Ciwei, 2022. "Should a domestic firm carve out a niche in overseas markets? Value of purchasing agents," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(1), pages 85-94.
    6. Wang, Yingjia & Lin, Jiaxin & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2020. "Gray market and counterfeiting in supply chains: A review of the operations literature and implications to luxury industries," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Zhang, Yong & Zhang, Sheng Hao & Feng, Haofang, 2021. "The impacts of money-back guarantees in the presence of parallel importation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 295(1), pages 170-182.
    8. Qian Lei & Juan He & Fuling Huang, 2019. "Impacts of Online and Offline Channel Structures on Two-Period Supply Chains with Strategic Consumers," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-19, December.
    9. Li, Hai & Qing, Qiankai & Wang, Juan & Hong, Xianpei, 2021. "An analysis of technology licensing and parallel importation under different market structures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 289(1), pages 132-143.
    10. Huang, Hongfu & He, Yong & Chen, Jing, 2020. "Cross-market selling channel strategies in an international luxury brand's supply chain with gray markets," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Hai & Shao, Jing & Zhu, Stuart X., 2020. "Impacts of power dynamics and gray markets on supply chains," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    2. Wang, Yingjia & Lin, Jiaxin & Choi, Tsan-Ming, 2020. "Gray market and counterfeiting in supply chains: A review of the operations literature and implications to luxury industries," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    3. Huang, Hongfu & He, Yong & Chen, Jing, 2019. "Competitive strategies and quality to counter parallel importation in global market," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 173-197.
    4. Li, Hai & Qing, Qiankai & Wang, Juan & Hong, Xianpei, 2021. "An analysis of technology licensing and parallel importation under different market structures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 289(1), pages 132-143.
    5. Zhang, Yong & Zhang, Sheng Hao & Feng, Haofang, 2021. "The impacts of money-back guarantees in the presence of parallel importation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 295(1), pages 170-182.
    6. Xueying Liu & Amit Pazgal, 2021. "The Impact of Gray Markets on Product Quality and Profitability," Customer Needs and Solutions, Springer;Institute for Sustainable Innovation and Growth (iSIG), vol. 7(3), pages 62-73, October.
    7. Xueying Liu & Amit Pazgal, 2020. "The Impact of Gray Markets on Product Quality and Profitability," Customer Needs and Solutions, Springer;Institute for Sustainable Innovation and Growth (iSIG), vol. 7(3), pages 62-73, October.
    8. Shi, Xiutian & Tang, Jianxi & Dong, Ciwei, 2022. "Should a domestic firm carve out a niche in overseas markets? Value of purchasing agents," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(1), pages 85-94.
    9. Huang, Hongfu & He, Yong & Chen, Jing, 2020. "Cross-market selling channel strategies in an international luxury brand's supply chain with gray markets," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    10. Wang, Min & Huang, Hongfu & Liu, Feng, 2023. "To adapt or to standardize? Cross-market green product design under parallel importation impact," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    11. Yushi Tsunoda, 2022. "When should a firm set its selling price to cope with gray market trade?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(1), pages 16-25, January.
    12. Foad Iravani & Hamed Mamani & Emisa Nategh, 2020. "External Reference Pricing and Parallel Imports of Pharmaceuticals: A Policy Comparison," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(12), pages 2716-2735, December.
    13. Zhang, Qing & Jiang, Xiuqi & Zheng, Yini, 2023. "Blockchain adoption and gray markets in a global supply chain," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    14. Zhang, Jianqiang, 2016. "The benefits of consumer rebates: A strategy for gray market deterrence," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 251(2), pages 509-521.
    15. Giorgio Gnecco & Berna Tuncay & Fabio Pammolli, 2018. "A Comparison of Game-Theoretic Models for Parallel Trade," International Game Theory Review (IGTR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(03), pages 1-57, September.
    16. Kim, Bosung & Park, Kun Soo, 2016. "Organizational structure of a global supply chain in the presence of a gray market: Information asymmetry and valuation difference," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 71-80.
    17. Shen Guo & Bin Hu & Hai Zhong, 2013. "Impact of parallel trade on pharmaceutical firm’s profits: rise or fall?," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 14(2), pages 345-355, April.
    18. Evelyn O. Smith & Jeffrey D. Shulman, 2022. "Product diversion by vertically differentiated firms," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(5), pages 1928-1939, May.
    19. Krista J. Li & Jianqiang Zhang & Richard Schaefer, 2022. "Parallel imports of status goods: A strategic analysis of aesthetic design," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(5), pages 2268-2288, May.
    20. Raimondos-Møller, Pascalis & Schmitt, Nicolas, 2010. "Commodity taxation and parallel imports," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1-2), pages 153-162, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:transe:v:114:y:2018:i:c:p:220-241. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600244/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.