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Changes in household food insecurity are related to changes in BMI and diet quality among Michigan Head Start preschoolers in a sex-specific manner

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  • Jansen, Erica C.
  • Kasper, Nicole
  • Lumeng, Julie C.
  • Brophy Herb, Holly E.
  • Horodynski, Mildred A.
  • Miller, Alison L.
  • Contreras, Dawn
  • Peterson, Karen E.

Abstract

Children living in households that have recently become food insecure may be particularly vulnerable to adverse weight and dietary changes, but longitudinal studies examining these associations are lacking. Using data from 501 Head Start preschoolers from Michigan (48% male) who were followed during one school year as a part of a randomized obesity prevention trial, we examined changes in children's adiposity indices and dietary quality according to changes in household food insecurity. Household food insecurity change status was categorized as persistently food secure, became food secure, persistently food insecure, or became food insecure. Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate relative changes in BMI-for-age z scores (BAZ), triceps skinfolds-for-age z scores (TAZ), or diet quality (assessed with the 2010 Healthy Eating Index) over the school year according to food insecurity category. We found that girls from households that became food insecure over the year had a 0.21 unit higher gain in BAZ than girls from households that were persistently food secure, after adjustment for potential confounders (95% CI 0.02 to 0.39, P = 0.03). Girls from households that became food secure had improvements in dietary quality over the year compared to girls from persistently food insecure households (adjusted difference in Healthy Eating Index score change = 9.1 points; 95% CI 3.0 to 15.0; p = 0.003). There were no statistically significant associations with changes in TAZ. Among boys, there were no associations between changes in household food insecurity and changes in BAZ, TAZ, or dietary quality. In summary, we found that BMI and diet quality changes of Head Start preschool girls were correlated with short-term changes in household food insecurity. Continued research efforts should focus on identifying the most effective ways to promote the health of children in food insecure households, especially those who may have recently transitioned or are transitioning into food insecurity.

Suggested Citation

  • Jansen, Erica C. & Kasper, Nicole & Lumeng, Julie C. & Brophy Herb, Holly E. & Horodynski, Mildred A. & Miller, Alison L. & Contreras, Dawn & Peterson, Karen E., 2017. "Changes in household food insecurity are related to changes in BMI and diet quality among Michigan Head Start preschoolers in a sex-specific manner," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 168-176.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:181:y:2017:i:c:p:168-176
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Coleman-Jensen, Alisha & Rabbitt, Matthew P. & Gregory, Christian & Singh, Anita, 2015. "Statistical Supplement to Household Food Security in the United States in 2014," Administrative Publications 292106, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. Dubois, Lise & Farmer, Anna & Girard, Manon & Porcherie, Marion, 2006. "Family food insufficiency is related to overweight among preschoolers'," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(6), pages 1503-1516, September.
    3. repec:mpr:mprres:5077 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Alaimo, K. & Olson, C.M. & Frongillo E.A., Jr. & Briefel, R.R., 2001. "Food insufficiency, family income, and health in US preschool and school-aged children," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(5), pages 781-786.
    5. Ryu, J.-H. & Bartfeld, J.S., 2012. "Household food insecurity during childhood and subsequent health status: The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten Cohort," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(11), pages 50-55.
    6. Coleman-Jensen, Alisha & Rabbitt, Matthew P. & Gregory, Christian & Singh, Anita, 2015. "Household Food Security in the United States in 2014," Economic Research Report 262204, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
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    Cited by:

    1. Elisabetta Aurino & Sharon Wolf & Edward Tsinigo, 2020. "Household food insecurity and early childhood development: Longitudinal evidence from Ghana," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, April.

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