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Biodiesel production from Karanja oil and its use in diesel engine: A review

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  • Patel, Rupesh L.
  • Sankhavara, C.D.

Abstract

Biodiesel is produced from renewable resources like vegetable oils and animal fats. It can use as a fuel in diesel engine by blending with diesel or in pure form. Biodiesel blended diesel fuel emits less harmful gasses compare to diesel fuel. India is developing country where more than 70% of petroleum products are import. Biodiesel production from local resources provides energy security; reduce import bill, generate employment and reduced emissions of harmful gasses. Production of biodiesel from edible oil is not economical for India due to its higher price. Various non-edible oil seeds like Jatropha, Karanja, Mahua, Sal, Neem etc. are widely available in India. It is less costly compared to edible oils. Among them, Karanja has a potential to be used as a basic feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Karanja trees can grow on sides of roads, canal and boundary portion of agricultural lands with minimum care. Its seeds contain 27–39% of the oil. Transesterification, Pyrolysis, Microemulsion and Blending are four primary methods for the production of biodiesel. The yield of 97% of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) was obtained from Karanja oil (KO) by transesterification process at 65°C using 1wt% of KOH, 6:1M ratio of methanol to oil in 2h. The 20% blend of KOME with diesel (B20) is the most optimized blend for a diesel engine. The Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of B20 is comparable to diesel. Emissions of CO, HC and smoke are reduced and NOx is increased with increasing blending of KOME with diesel. This paper focuses on the production methods of KOME, parameters that affect the yield, engine performance by pure KOME and its various blends with diesel, economic aspects, environmental considerations and sustainability of Karanja oil as an Indian perspective.

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  • Patel, Rupesh L. & Sankhavara, C.D., 2017. "Biodiesel production from Karanja oil and its use in diesel engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 464-474.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:71:y:2017:i:c:p:464-474
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.075
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    6. Zahedi, Ali Reza & Mirnezami, Seyed Abolfazl, 2020. "Experimental analysis of biomass to biodiesel conversion using a novel renewable combined cycle system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1177-1194.
    7. Ching-Velasquez, Jonny & Fernández-Lafuente, Roberto & Rodrigues, Rafael C. & Plata, Vladimir & Rosales-Quintero, Arnulfo & Torrestiana-Sánchez, Beatriz & Tacias-Pascacio, Veymar G., 2020. "Production and characterization of biodiesel from oil of fish waste by enzymatic catalysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1346-1354.
    8. Hirner, Felix Sebastian & Hwang, Joonsik & Bae, Choongsik & Patel, Chetankumar & Gupta, Tarun & Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, 2019. "Performance and emission evaluation of a small-bore biodiesel compression-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 971-982.
    9. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir & Cesur, Cüneyt & Aslan, Volkan & Yilbasi, Zeki, 2020. "The production of biodiesel from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil as a potential feedstock and its usage in compression ignition engine: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    10. Mohammad Anwar & Mohammad G. Rasul & Nanjappa Ashwath & Md Mofijur Rahman, 2018. "Optimisation of Second-Generation Biodiesel Production from Australian Native Stone Fruit Oil Using Response Surface Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, September.
    11. Erdoğan, Sinan & Balki, Mustafa Kemal & Aydın, Selman & Sayin, Cenk, 2019. "The best fuel selection with hybrid multiple-criteria decision making approaches in a CI engine fueled with their blends and pure biodiesels produced from different sources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 653-668.
    12. Anantha Padmanabha, H.S. & Mohanty, Dillip Kumar, 2023. "Impact of additive ethylene glycol diacetate on diesel engine working with jatropha-karanja dual biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 116-126.
    13. Migle Santaraite & Egle Sendzikiene & Violeta Makareviciene & Kiril Kazancev, 2020. "Biodiesel Production by Lipase-Catalyzed in Situ Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Containing a High Free Fatty Acid Content with Ethanol in Diesel Fuel Media," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-12, May.
    14. Zulqarnain & Muhammad Ayoub & Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff & Muhammad Hamza Nazir & Imtisal Zahid & Mariam Ameen & Farooq Sher & Dita Floresyona & Eduardus Budi Nursanto, 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.

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    Keywords

    Karanja oil; Biodiesel; KOME;
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