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Longer parental time and lower fertility rate

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  • Sun, Tianyu
  • Wei, Sichao

Abstract

The fertility rates in high-income countries have been lower than the replacement level for decades. We argue that the rising parental time plays an essential role in the fertility rate decline. To this end, we construct an indicator named the parental time share, which links the time use survey data and the Barro–Becker modeling framework. We modify the model of de Silva and Tenreyro (2020) by introducing endogenous parental time share. The modified model analytically shows that the parental time share increases with the accumulation of human capital and depresses the fertility rate. The quantitative results fit the dynamics of fertility rates, human capital investments, and parental time shares in the high-income countries since 1965, confirming the importance of the parental time share in shaping the demographic changes. We also extend the basic model to account for countries at all income levels and present a demography opportunity set that describes all the combinations of fertility rates, human capital investments, and parental time shares.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Tianyu & Wei, Sichao, 2022. "Longer parental time and lower fertility rate," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:joecag:v:22:y:2022:i:c:s2212828x22000159
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2022.100382
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fertility rate; Parental time; Human capital; Household time use;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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