IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/iburev/v32y2023i4s0969593123000227.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Reviewing half a century of measuring cross-cultural competence: Aligning theoretical constructs and empirical measures

Author

Listed:
  • Richter, Nicole Franziska
  • Schlaegel, Christopher
  • Taras, Vasyl
  • Alon, Ilan
  • Bird, Allan

Abstract

We provide a comprehensive review of how cross-cultural competence (CCC) has been measured over the past half-century in order to more closely align theoretical constructs and empirical measures. Based on a content analysis of 68 academic and commercial CCC instruments and a supplemental survey of 160 experts, we review the approaches used in these instruments to conceptualize and quantify CCC, discuss their limitations, and recommend best practices and directions for future researchers and practitioners when selecting and using CCC instruments or developing new alternatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Richter, Nicole Franziska & Schlaegel, Christopher & Taras, Vasyl & Alon, Ilan & Bird, Allan, 2023. "Reviewing half a century of measuring cross-cultural competence: Aligning theoretical constructs and empirical measures," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(4).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:iburev:v:32:y:2023:i:4:s0969593123000227
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2023.102122
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593123000227
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2023.102122?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. ., 2004. "The Globalisation of Ideas," Chapters, in: Agriculture in the New Global Economy, chapter 4, pages 88-110, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    2. Imai, Lynn & Gelfand, Michele J., 2010. "The culturally intelligent negotiator: The impact of cultural intelligence (CQ) on negotiation sequences and outcomes," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 112(2), pages 83-98, July.
    3. Rockstuhl, Thomas & Van Dyne, Linn, 2018. "A bi-factor theory of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence: Meta-analysis and theoretical extensions," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 124-144.
    4. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Martin, Jonathan & Hansen, Sofie V. & Taras, Vasyl & Alon, Ilan, 2021. "Motivational configurations of cultural intelligence, social integration, and performance in global virtual teams," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 351-367.
    5. David C Thomas & Yuan Liao & Zeynep Aycan & Jean-Luc Cerdin & Andre A Pekerti & Elizabeth C Ravlin & Günter K Stahl & Mila B Lazarova & Henry Fock & Denni Arli & Miriam Moeller & Tyler G Okimoto & Fon, 2015. "Cultural intelligence: A theory-based, short form measure," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 46(9), pages 1099-1118, December.
    6. Ghauri, Pervez & Strange, Roger & Cooke, Fang Lee, 2021. "Research on international business: The new realities," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(2).
    7. ., 2004. "Globalisation, Regionalisation and Trade Rules," Chapters, in: Agriculture in the New Global Economy, chapter 5, pages 111-139, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    8. Bartel-Radic, Anne & Giannelloni, Jean-Luc, 2017. "A renewed perspective on the measurement of cross-cultural competence: An approach through personality traits and cross-cultural knowledge," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 632-644.
    9. Anne Bartel-Radic & Jean-Luc Giannelloni, 2017. "A renewed perspective on the measurement of cross-cultural competence: An approach through personality traits and cross-cultural knowledge," Post-Print hal-01975656, HAL.
    10. Joost Bücker & Olivier Furrer & Tanja Peeters Weem, 2016. "Robustness and cross-cultural equivalence of the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS)," Journal of Global Mobility, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 4(3), pages 300-325, September.
    11. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Hauff, Sven, 2022. "Necessary conditions in international business research–Advancing the field with a new perspective on causality and data analysis," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(5).
    12. James P Johnson & Tomasz Lenartowicz & Salvador Apud, 2006. "Cross-cultural competence in international business: toward a definition and a model," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(4), pages 525-543, July.
    13. Devereux, Michael B. & Shi, Kang & Xu, Juanyi, 2007. "Global monetary policy under a dollar standard," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 113-132, March.
    14. Norihito Furuya & Michael J Stevens & Allan Bird & Gary Oddou & Mark Mendenhall, 2009. "Managing the learning and transfer of global management competence: Antecedents and outcomes of Japanese repatriation effectiveness," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 40(2), pages 200-215, February.
    15. Ang, Soon & Van Dyne, Linn & Koh, Christine & Ng, K. Yee & Templer, Klaus J. & Tay, Cheryl & Chandrasekar, N. Anand, 2007. "Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(3), pages 335-371, November.
    16. ., 2004. "The Global-Game Experiment," Chapters, in: Economic Learning, Experiments and the Limits to Information, chapter 6, pages 78-122, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    17. Gaur, Ajai & Kumar, Mukesh, 2018. "A systematic approach to conducting review studies: An assessment of content analysis in 25years of IB research," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 280-289.
    18. Joost Bücker & Olivier Furrer & Tanja Peeters Weem, 2016. "Robustness and cross-cultural equivalence of the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS)," Journal of Global Mobility, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 4(3), pages 300-325, September.
    19. Soon Ang & Linn Van Dyne & Christine Koh & K. Yee Ng & Klaus J. Templer & Cheryl Tay & N. Anand Chandrasekar, 2007. "Cultural Intelligence: Its Measurement and Effects on Cultural Judgment and Decision Making, Cultural Adaptation and Task Performance," Management and Organization Review, The International Association for Chinese Management Research, vol. 3(3), pages 335-371, November.
    20. Alan Greenspan, 2004. "Globalization and innovation," Proceedings 911, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
    21. Arne Bigsten, 2004. "Globalisation and the Asia–Pacific Revival," World Economics, World Economics, 1 Ivory Square, Plantation Wharf, London, United Kingdom, SW11 3UE, vol. 5(2), pages 33-55, April.
    22. Schlaegel, Christopher & Richter, Nicole Franziska & Taras, Vasyl, 2021. "Cultural intelligence and work-related outcomes: A meta-analytic examination of joint effects and incremental predictive validity," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(4).
    23. Schlägel, Christopher & Sarstedt, Marko, 2016. "Assessing the measurement invariance of the four-dimensional cultural intelligence scale across countries: A composite model approach," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 633-649.
    24. Alon, Ilan & Higgins, James M., 2005. "Global leadership success through emotional and cultural intelligences," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 48(6), pages 501-512.
    25. Kai Li, 2004. "The Growth of Global Equity Markets: A Closer Look," Econometric Society 2004 North American Winter Meetings 54, Econometric Society.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lakshman, C. & Bacouël-Jentjens, Sabine & Kraak, Johannes Marcelus, 2021. "Attributional complexity of monoculturals and biculturals: Implications for cross-cultural competence," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(6).
    2. Davaei, Mahboobeh & Gunkel, Marjaana & Veglio, Valerio & Taras, Vas, 2022. "The influence of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on conflict occurrence and performance in global virtual teams," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(4).
    3. Pidduck, Robert J. & Shaffer, Margaret A. & Zhang, Yejun & Cheung, Sally S.Y. & Yunlu, Dilek G., 2022. "Cultural intelligence: An identity lens on the influence of cross-cultural experience," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(3).
    4. Schlägel, Christopher & Sarstedt, Marko, 2016. "Assessing the measurement invariance of the four-dimensional cultural intelligence scale across countries: A composite model approach," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 633-649.
    5. Gyeongcheol Cho & Christopher Schlaegel & Heungsun Hwang & Younyoung Choi & Marko Sarstedt & Christian M. Ringle, 2022. "Integrated Generalized Structured Component Analysis: On the Use of Model Fit Criteria in International Management Research," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 569-609, August.
    6. Ana Azevedo, 2018. "Cultural Intelligence: Key Benefits to Individuals, Teams and Organizations," American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, Science Publications, vol. 10(1), pages 52-56, December.
    7. Anne Bartel-Radic & Philippe Mouillot & Danielle A. Taylor, 2019. "Experimental Methods in International Management Research," Post-Print hal-03566121, HAL.
    8. Lorenz, Melanie P. & Ramsey, Jase R. & Richey, Robert Glenn, 2018. "Expatriates’ international opportunity recognition and innovativeness: The role of metacognitive and cognitive cultural intelligence," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(2), pages 222-236.
    9. Schlaegel, Christopher & Richter, Nicole Franziska & Taras, Vasyl, 2021. "Cultural intelligence and work-related outcomes: A meta-analytic examination of joint effects and incremental predictive validity," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 56(4).
    10. Richter, Nicole Franziska & Martin, Jonathan & Hansen, Sofie V. & Taras, Vasyl & Alon, Ilan, 2021. "Motivational configurations of cultural intelligence, social integration, and performance in global virtual teams," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 351-367.
    11. Elenkov, Detelin S. & Manev, Ivan M., 2009. "Senior expatriate leadership's effects on innovation and the role of cultural intelligence," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 357-369, October.
    12. Kozhakhmet, Sanat & Nurgabdeshov, Assylbek, 2022. "Knowledge acquisition of Chinese expatriates: managing Chinese MNEs in Kazakhstan," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(2).
    13. Presbitero, Alfred, 2021. "Communication accommodation within global virtual team: The influence of cultural intelligence and the impact on interpersonal process effectiveness," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
    14. Ng, Kok-Yee & Van Dyne, Linn & Ang, Soon, 2019. "Speaking out and speaking up in multicultural settings: A two-study examination of cultural intelligence and voice behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 150-159.
    15. Alexandru CÃPÃTÎNÃ & George SCHIN, 2013. "Minding the Cultural Gaps between Different Countries - A Real Challenge for the International Managers," REVISTA DE MANAGEMENT COMPARAT INTERNATIONAL/REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 14(5), pages 704-712, December.
    16. repec:rai:zfpers:doi_10.1688/1862-0000_zfp_2013_02_remhof is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Judit Garamvölgyi & Ildikó Rudnák, 2023. "Exploring the Relationship between Cultural Intelligence (CQ) and Management Competencies (MC)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    18. Sebastian Stoermer & Samuel Davies & Fabian Jintae Froese, 2021. "The influence of expatriate cultural intelligence on organizational embeddedness and knowledge sharing: The moderating effects of host country context," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(3), pages 432-453, April.
    19. Abdel-Rahim, Heba Y. & Lorenz, Melanie P. & Zaher, Angie Abdel, 2022. "How do cultural difference, cultural exposure, and CQ affect interpretations of trust from contract choices? Evidence from dyadic cross-country experiments," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    20. Seung Yeon Lee & Ah Jeong Hong, 2021. "Psychometric Investigation of the Cultural Intelligence Scale Using the Rasch Measurement Model in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, March.
    21. Bücker, Joost‏ JLE & Furrer, Olivier & Lin, Yanyan, 2015. "Measuring cultural intelligence: a new test of the CQ scale," FSES Working Papers 461, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Freiburg/Fribourg Switzerland.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:iburev:v:32:y:2023:i:4:s0969593123000227. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/133/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.