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Sustainable passenger road transport scenarios to reduce fuel consumption, air pollutants and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area

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  • Chavez-Baeza, Carlos
  • Sheinbaum-Pardo, Claudia

Abstract

This paper presents passenger road transport scenarios that may assist the MCMA (Mexico City Metropolitan Area) in achieving lower emissions in both criteria air pollutants (CO, NOx, NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compounds), and PM10) and GHG (greenhouse gas) (CH4, N2O and CO2), while also promoting better mobility and quality of life in this region. We developed a bottom-up model to estimate the historical trends of energy demand, criteria air pollutants and GHG emissions caused by passenger vehicles circulating in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) in order to construct a baseline scenario and two mitigation scenarios that project their impact to 2028. Mitigation scenario “eff” considers increasing fuel efficiencies and introducing new technologies for vehicle emission controls. Mitigation scenario “BRT” considers a modal shift from private car trips to a Bus Rapid Transport system. Our results show significant reductions in air pollutants and GHG emissions. Incentives and environmental regulations are needed to enable these scenarios.

Suggested Citation

  • Chavez-Baeza, Carlos & Sheinbaum-Pardo, Claudia, 2014. "Sustainable passenger road transport scenarios to reduce fuel consumption, air pollutants and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 624-634.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:66:y:2014:i:c:p:624-634
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.047
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    10. Monica Maduekwe & Uduak Akpan & Salisu Isihak, 2020. "Road Transport Energy Consumption and Vehicular Emissions in Lagos, Nigeria," Working Papers 20/055, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    11. Li, Yu & Zheng, Ji & Li, Zehong & Yuan, Liang & Yang, Yang & Li, Fujia, 2017. "Re-estimating CO2 emission factors for gasoline passenger cars adding driving behaviour characteristics——A case study of Beijing," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 353-361.
    12. Luis Rivera-González & David Bolonio & Luis F. Mazadiego & Sebastián Naranjo-Silva & Kenny Escobar-Segovia, 2020. "Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-26, January.
    13. Liu, Lei & Wang, Ke & Wang, Shanshan & Zhang, Ruiqin & Tang, Xiaoyan, 2018. "Assessing energy consumption, CO2 and pollutant emissions and health benefits from China's transport sector through 2050," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 382-396.
    14. Matthias Klumpp, 2017. "Do Forwarders Improve Sustainability Efficiency? Evidence from a European DEA Malmquist Index Calculation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-33, May.
    15. Ma, Jie & Xu, Mengmeng & Jiang, Jiehui, 2023. "Mapping high-resolution urban road carbon and pollutant emissions using travel demand data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    16. Bishop, Justin D.K. & Martin, Niall P.D. & Boies, Adam M., 2016. "Quantifying the role of vehicle size, powertrain technology, activity and consumer behaviour on new UK passenger vehicle fleet energy use and emissions under different policy objectives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 196-212.
    17. Ye Li & Lei Bao & Wenxiang Li & Haopeng Deng, 2016. "Inventory and Policy Reduction Potential of Greenhouse Gas and Pollutant Emissions of Road Transportation Industry in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-19, November.
    18. Turanjanin, Valentina & Vučićević, Biljana & Jovanović, Marina & Mirkov, Nikola & Lazović, Ivan, 2014. "Indoor CO2 measurements in Serbian schools and ventilation rate calculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 290-296.
    19. Germà Bel & Maximilian Holst, 2015. "“Evaluation of the Impact of Bus Rapid Transit on Air Pollution”," IREA Working Papers 201519, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Sep 2015.
    20. Hasan, M.A. & Chapman, R. & Frame, D.J., 2020. "Acceptability of transport emissions reduction policies: A multi-criteria analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    21. Monika Roman, 2022. "Sustainable Transport: A State-of-the-Art Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-14, November.
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