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Type approval and real-world CO2 and NOx emissions from EU light commercial vehicles

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  • Zacharof, Nikiforos
  • Tietge, Uwe
  • Franco, Vicente
  • Mock, Peter

Abstract

In the European Union, light duty vehicles (LDVs) are subject to emission targets for carbon dioxide (CO2) and limits for pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx). CO2 emissions are regulated for both passenger vehicles (PV) and light commercial vehicles (LCV), as individual manufacturers are required to reach fleet averages of 130g/km by 2015 and 175g/km by 2017, respectively. In the case of PVs, it has been found that there is a significant divergence between real-world and type-approval CO2 emissions, which has been increasing annually, reaching 40% in 2014. On-road exceedances of regulated NOx emission limits for diesel passenger cars have also been documented. The current study investigated the LCV characteristics and CO2 and NOx emissions in the European Union. A vehicle market analysis found that LCVs comprise 17% of the diesel LDV market and while there were some data for CO2 emissions, there were hardly any data publicly available for NOx emissions. Monitoring the divergence in CO2 emissions revealed that it increased from 14% in 2006 to 33% in 2014, posing an additional annual fuel cost from 120€ in 2006 to 305€ in 2014, while a significant percentage of Euro 5 vehicles exceeded NOx emission standards.

Suggested Citation

  • Zacharof, Nikiforos & Tietge, Uwe & Franco, Vicente & Mock, Peter, 2016. "Type approval and real-world CO2 and NOx emissions from EU light commercial vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 540-548.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:97:y:2016:i:c:p:540-548
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.08.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ntziachristos, L. & Mellios, G. & Tsokolis, D. & Keller, M. & Hausberger, S. & Ligterink, N.E. & Dilara, P., 2014. "In-use vs. type-approval fuel consumption of current passenger cars in Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 403-411.
    2. Fontaras, Georgios & Dilara, Panagiota, 2012. "The evolution of European passenger car characteristics 2000–2010 and its effects on real-world CO2 emissions and CO2 reduction policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 719-730.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Tsiakmakis, Stefanos & Fontaras, Georgios & Ciuffo, Biagio & Samaras, Zissis, 2017. "A simulation-based methodology for quantifying European passenger car fleet CO2 emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 447-465.
    3. Ricardo Tomás & Paulo Fernandes & Joaquim Macedo & Margarida Cabrita Coelho, 2021. "Carpooling as an Immediate Strategy to Post-Lockdown Mobility: A Case Study in University Campuses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    4. Richard Viskup & Christoph Wolf & Werner Baumgartner, 2020. "Qualitative and Quantitative Characterisation of Major Elements in Particulate Matter from In-use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by LIBS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Logan, Kathryn G. & Nelson, John D. & Brand, Christian & Hastings, Astley, 2021. "Phasing in electric vehicles: Does policy focusing on operating emission achieve net zero emissions reduction objectives?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 100-114.
    6. Richard Viskup & Christoph Wolf & Werner Baumgartner, 2020. "Quantification of Minor Chemical Elements in Particulate Matter Collected from In-Use Diesel Engine Passenger Vehicles by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-16, November.
    7. Doppalapudi, A.T. & Azad, A.K. & Khan, M.M.K., 2023. "Advanced strategies to reduce harmful nitrogen-oxide emissions from biodiesel fueled engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    8. Tietge, Uwe & Mock, Peter & Franco, Vicente & Zacharof, Nikiforos, 2017. "From laboratory to road: Modeling the divergence between official and real-world fuel consumption and CO2 emission values in the German passenger car market for the years 2001–2014," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 212-222.
    9. S. M. Ashrafur Rahman & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Fajle Rabbi Ashik & Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan & Md Tausif Murshed & Md Ashraful Imran & Md Hamidur Rahman & Md Akibur Rahman & Mohammad, 2021. "State-of-the-Art of Establishing Test Procedures for Real Driving Gaseous Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-32, July.

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