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Exploring the limits for CO2 emission abatement in the EU power and industry sectors—Awaiting a breakthrough

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  • Rootzén, Johan
  • Johnsson, Filip

Abstract

This study assesses the prospects for presently available abatement technologies to achieve significant reductions in CO2 emissions from large stationary sources of CO2 in the EU up to year 2050. The study covers power generation, petroleum refining, iron and steel, and cement production. By simulating capital stock turnover, scenarios that assume future developments in the technology stock, energy intensities, fuel and production mixes, and the resulting CO2 emissions were generated for each sector. The results confirm that the EU goal for reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emission in the sectors covered by the EU Emission Trading System, i.e., 21% reduction by 2020 as compared to the levels in 2005, is attainable with the abatement measures that are already available. However, despite the optimism regarding the potential for, and implementation of, available abatement strategies within current production processes, our results indicate that the power and industrial sectors will fail to comply with more stringent reduction targets in both the medium term (2030) and long term (2050). Deliberate exclusion from the analysis of mitigation technologies that are still in the early phases of development (e.g., CO2 capture and storage) provides an indirect measure of the requirements for novel low-carbon technologies and production processes.

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  • Rootzén, Johan & Johnsson, Filip, 2013. "Exploring the limits for CO2 emission abatement in the EU power and industry sectors—Awaiting a breakthrough," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 443-458.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:59:y:2013:i:c:p:443-458
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.03.057
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    5. Sergio García García & Vicente Rodríguez Montequín & Marina Díaz Piloñeta & Susana Torno Lougedo, 2021. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Steel Off-Gas in Cogeneration Using the ε-Constraint Method: A Combined Coke Oven and Converter Gas Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Ulrik Beck & Peter K. Kruse-Andersen, 2020. "Endogenizing the Cap in a Cap-and-Trade System: Assessing the Agreement on EU ETS Phase 4," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 77(4), pages 781-811, December.
    7. Berghout, Niels & Meerman, Hans & van den Broek, Machteld & Faaij, André, 2019. "Assessing deployment pathways for greenhouse gas emissions reductions in an industrial plant – A case study for a complex oil refinery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 354-378.
    8. van Ruijven, Bas J. & van Vuuren, Detlef P. & Boskaljon, Willem & Neelis, Maarten L. & Saygin, Deger & Patel, Martin K., 2016. "Long-term model-based projections of energy use and CO2 emissions from the global steel and cement industries," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 15-36.
    9. Rehfeldt, M. & Worrell, E. & Eichhammer, W. & Fleiter, T., 2020. "A review of the emission reduction potential of fuel switch towards biomass and electricity in European basic materials industry until 2030," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    10. Ren, Lei & Zhou, Sheng & Ou, Xunmin, 2023. "The carbon reduction potential of hydrogen in the low carbon transition of the iron and steel industry: The case of China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    11. Liu, Liwei & Sun, Xiaoru & Chen, Chuxiang & Zhao, Erdong, 2016. "How will auctioning impact on the carbon emission abatement cost of electric power generation sector in China?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 594-609.
    12. Liu, Xianbing & Fan, Yongbin & Wang, Can, 2017. "An estimation of the effect of carbon pricing for CO2 mitigation in China’s cement industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 671-686.
    13. Fitzpatrick, John J. & Dooley, Paul, 2017. "Holistic view of CO2 reduction potential from energy use by an individual processing company," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 336-343.
    14. Ren, Lei & Zhou, Sheng & Peng, Tianduo & Ou, Xunmin, 2021. "A review of CO2 emissions reduction technologies and low-carbon development in the iron and steel industry focusing on China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).

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    Keywords

    Scenarios; CO2 abatement; EU;
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