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Austrian regions in the age of globalisation: Trade exposure, urban dynamics and structural change

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  • Sascha Sardadvar
  • Christian Reiner

Abstract

This paper deals with globalisation and urban agglomeration effects on regional employment growth in the agricultural, mining and manufacturing industries. Globalisation's impacts are estimated via import and export exposure measures considering trade with those former Comecon members which accessed the EU, as well as China, the observation period is 1991–2011. Results show that trade exposure with former Comecon members affects regional employment growth in Austria negatively despite a considerable trade surplus. Concerning China, the impacts of import exposure are surprisingly weak while export exposure displays strong positive effects. Population density shows a U‐shaped pattern, suggesting that large urban agglomerations offer some advantages for employment growth in the considered industries. Este artículo trata los efectos de la globalización y la aglomeración urbana en el crecimiento del empleo regional en las industrias agrícola, minera y manufacturera. Los impactos de la globalización se estiman a través de la exposición a las medidas para la importación y la exportación respecto al comercio con los antiguos miembros del Comecon que accedieron a la UE, así como con China, durante el período de estudio de 1991–2011. Los resultados muestran que la exposición al comercio con los antiguos miembros del Comecon afecta negativamente al crecimiento del empleo regional en Austria, a pesar del considerable superávit comercial. En lo que respecta a China, los efectos de la exposición a las importaciones son sorprendentemente débiles, mientras que la exposición a las exportaciones muestra fuertes efectos positivos. La densidad de población muestra una curva en U, lo que sugiere que las grandes aglomeraciones urbanas ofrecen algunas ventajas para el crecimiento del empleo en las industrias consideradas por el estudio. 本稿では、農業、鉱業、製造業におけるグローバル化と都市集積が地域雇用の成長に及ぼす影響を検討する。グローバル化の影響を、1991~2011年のEUに加盟した旧経済相互援助会議(コメコン)加盟国および中国との貿易を対象に、輸入および輸出のエクスポージャーの測定により推定する。結果から、旧コメコン加盟国との貿易エクスポージャーは、相当な貿易黒字があるにもかかわらず、オーストリアの地域の雇用成長にマイナスの影響を与えていることが示される。中国に関しては、輸入エクスポージャーの影響は驚くほど弱く、その一方で輸出エクスポージャーには強いプラスの影響が認められる。人口密度はU字型パターンを示し、大規模な都市集積が、対象の産業の雇用成長にプラスの影響を与えていることが示唆される。

Suggested Citation

  • Sascha Sardadvar & Christian Reiner, 2021. "Austrian regions in the age of globalisation: Trade exposure, urban dynamics and structural change," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 603-643, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:603-643
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12324
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    1. Christian Reiner, 2022. "It's the End of Globalization as We Know It! Zeitgemaesse Betrachtungen zur politischen Oekonomik der Globalisierungskrise," ICAE Working Papers 141, Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy.

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