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Preferential Liberalization, Antidumping, and Safeguards: Stumbling Block Evidence from MERCOSUR

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  • Chad P. Bown
  • Patricia Tovar

Abstract

Aún no hay un consenso en la literatura sobre acuerdos comerciales con respecto a si la liberalización preferencial conlleva a más o a menos liberalización multilateral. Sin embargo, hasta ahora las investigaciones se han enfocado mayormente en medidas arancelarias de protección a las importaciones. En este estudio desarrollamos medidas de política comercial más completas que incluyen las políticas de barreras temporales al comercio (BTC) de antidumping y salvaguardias; estudios en otros contextos también han mostrado cómo estas políticas pueden erosionar parte de las ganancias de la liberalización comercial que surgen cuando se examinan sólo los aranceles. Examinamos las experiencias de Argentina y Brasil durante la formación del MERCOSUR en 1990-2001, y hallamos que un enfoque exclusivo en aranceles aplicados puede llevar a una caracterización equívoca de la relación entre liberalización preferencial y liberalización hacia países no miembros. Primeramente, cualquier evidencia de “building block” que surge al enfocarse en aranceles durante el periodo en el que MERCOSUR fue sólo un área de libre comercio puede desaparecer cuando también incluimos cambios en la protección a las importaciones que ocurren a través de BTC. Además, hay evidencia de un efecto de “stumbling block” de la liberalización comercial arancelaria para el periodo en el cual MEROCUSR se volvió una unión aduanera, y este resultado tiende a fortalecerse con la inclusión de BTC. Finalmente, también proveemos una primera evaluación empírica sobre si motivos de poder de mercado pueden ayudar a explicar los patrones de los cambios en la protección a las importaciones que se observan en estos escenarios.
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  • Chad P. Bown & Patricia Tovar, 2016. "Preferential Liberalization, Antidumping, and Safeguards: Stumbling Block Evidence from MERCOSUR," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(3), pages 262-294, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ecopol:v:28:y:2016:i:3:p:262-294
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    Cited by:

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    2. Andreas Baur & Lisandra Flach & Feodora Teti, 2021. "30 Years of Mercosur – Integration Progress, Failures, and Future Trade Policy," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 74(04), pages 31-40, April.
    3. Andreas Baur & Lisandra Flach & Feodora Teti, 2023. "Integration of Mercosur in the Global Economy," EconPol Policy Reports 43, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    4. Prusa, Thomas J. & Teh, Robert & Zhu, Min, 2022. "PTAs and the incidence of antidumping disputes," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    5. Hinnerk Gnutzmann & Arevik Gnutzmann‐Mkrtchyan, 2019. "The silent success of customs unions," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 52(1), pages 178-224, February.
    6. Tovar, Patricia, 2019. "Preferential and multilateral liberalization: Evidence from Latin America’s use of tariffs, antidumping and safeguards," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    7. Prusa,Thomas J. & Zhu,Min, 2021. "The Impact of PTAs on the Duration of Antidumping Protection," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9638, The World Bank.
    8. Min Zhu & Thomas J. Prusa, 2023. "The impact of preferential trade agreements on the duration of antidumping protection," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 56(2), pages 553-592, May.

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    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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