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Institutions and Voluntary Compliance: The Disclosure of Individual Executive Pay in Germany

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  • Amon Chizema

Abstract

Manuscript Type: Empirical Research Question/Issue: This study seeks to understand why the disclosure of individual executive compensation, as recommended by the German Code of Corporate Governance, met with resistance in some firms while being a welcome innovation for others. Employing the theoretical perspective of institutional inertia and change, this paper identifies the characteristics of a firm likely to embrace or resist a management practice imported from an Anglo‐American system of corporate governance. Research Findings/Results: Using data on large German firms for the years 2002 through 2005, the study shows that institutional ownership, dispersed ownership, state ownership, prior adoption of shareholder value‐oriented practices, and firm size are positively and significantly associated with the disclosure of individual executive compensation. On the other hand, the size of the supervisory board and firm age are negatively and significantly associated with individual disclosure of executive compensation. Theoretical Implications: This study provides empirical support for the institutional inertia or change perspective at the national level for the adoption of contested management practices, taken from the Anglo‐American system and translated to the German model. As such, it adds to the argument on convergence/divergence in comparative corporate governance literature, as well as support for the neo‐institutional perspective in helping to further understand institutional change. Practical Implications: This study offers insights to policy makers who aim to create an institutional environment that accepts corporate governance practices translated or negotiated from a different variety of capitalism. In addition, it provides a useful synthesis of the relevance and effectiveness of codes of corporate governance, thus helping policy makers to recommend continuation with the current elements of the code or to make such provisions compulsory.

Suggested Citation

  • Amon Chizema, 2008. "Institutions and Voluntary Compliance: The Disclosure of Individual Executive Pay in Germany," Corporate Governance: An International Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(4), pages 359-374, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:corgov:v:16:y:2008:i:4:p:359-374
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00689.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Hearn, Bruce, 2013. "The determinants of director remuneration, executive tenure and individual executive disclosure in North African IPO firms," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 162-182.
    2. Chizema, Amon, 2010. "Early and late adoption of American-style executive pay in Germany: Governance and institutions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 9-18, January.
    3. Amon Chizema & Xiaohui Liu & Jiangyong Lu & Lan Gao, 2015. "Politically connected boards and top executive pay in Chinese listed firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(6), pages 890-906, June.
    4. Maria Aluchna & Tomasz Kuszewski, 2022. "Responses to corporate governance code: evidence from a longitudinal study," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 16(6), pages 1945-1978, August.
    5. Tariq, Yasir Bin & Abbas, Zaheer, 2013. "Compliance and multidimensional firm performance: Evaluating the efficacy of rule-based code of corporate governance," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 565-575.
    6. Louise Osemeke & Emmanuel Adegbite, 2016. "Regulatory Multiplicity and Conflict: Towards a Combined Code on Corporate Governance in Nigeria," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 133(3), pages 431-451, February.
    7. Maria Aluchna & Tomasz Kuszewski, 2020. "Does Corporate Governance Compliance Increase Company Value? Evidence from the Best Practice of the Board," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, October.
    8. Franklin Nakpodia & Emmanuel Adegbite & Kenneth Amaeshi & Akintola Owolabi, 2018. "Neither Principles Nor Rules: Making Corporate Governance Work in Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 151(2), pages 391-408, August.
    9. Christian Engelen, 2015. "The effects of managerial discretion on moral hazard related behaviour: German evidence on agency costs," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 19(4), pages 927-960, November.
    10. Agata Wieczorek, 2022. "The transparency of remuneration policy in financial holding companies based on the example of the UniCredit Group," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(2), pages 173-198, June.
    11. Lakhwinder Singh Kang & Payal, 2018. "Managerial Remuneration in India: Analysing Trends before and during the Economic Slowdown," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 43(3), pages 156-168, August.
    12. Melis, Andrea & Gaia, Silvia & Carta, Silvia, 2015. "Directors' remuneration: A comparison of Italian and UK non-financial listed firms' disclosure," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 66-84.
    13. Jakob Utgård, 2018. "Retail Chains’ Corporate Social Responsibility Communication," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 147(2), pages 385-400, January.
    14. Liu, Xiaohui & Lu, Jiangyong & Chizema, Amon, 2014. "Top executive compensation, regional institutions and Chinese OFDI," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 143-155.
    15. Cieslak, Katarzyna & Hamberg, Mattias & Vural, Derya, 2021. "Executive compensation disclosure, ownership concentration and dual-class firms: An analysis of Swedish data," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).

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