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Could packers manipulate spot markets by tying contracts to futures prices? And do they?

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  • Tian Xia
  • John M. Crespi
  • Kevin C. Dhuyvetter

Abstract

Some producers, policy makers, and researchers claim that packers influence cash prices through contracts tied to futures prices. This paper provides a theoretical and empirical study on the price effects of contract‐pricing terms linked to futures price and the related formula pricing terms linked to a cash price. We show that contract‐pricing terms tied to a cattle futures price can theoretically be used to reduce the cash price. Furthermore, the model demonstrates that such tied‐to‐a‐futures‐price contract‐pricing clauses and the related tied‐to‐a‐cash‐price formula pricing clauses can be substitutable tools for packers to depress the cash cattle price. Nevertheless, although empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model they show that while such manipulations may occur, their market power impact appears quite small. Quelques producteurs, décideurs et chercheurs prétendent que les abattoirs influencent les prix comptant par l'utilisation de contrats à terme. Ce papier présente une étude théorique et empirique de l'impact des modalités de contrat sur les prix futurs, ainsi que des termes de formule de prix liée aux prix comptants. Nous démontrons que les modalités d'un contrat liées à un contrat à terme sur le bétail peuvent théoriquement être utilisées pour réduire le prix comptant. De plus, le modèle démontre qu'un contrat de prix lié à une clause de prix futur ou à une formule de prix liés à un prix comptant peuvent être des outils substituables par les abattoirs afin de diminuer le prix comptant du bétail. Néanmoins, bien que des résultats empiriques soient en accord avec les prédictions du modèle théorique, ils indiquent que bien que de telles manipulations peuvent survenir, leur impact de pouvoir de marché apparaît minime.

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  • Tian Xia & John M. Crespi & Kevin C. Dhuyvetter, 2019. "Could packers manipulate spot markets by tying contracts to futures prices? And do they?," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 67(1), pages 85-102, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:67:y:2019:i:1:p:85-102
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12179
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    3. McKendree, Melissa G. S. & Saitone, Tina L. & Schaefer, K Aleks, 2020. "Cattle Cycle Dynamics in a Modern Agricultural Market: Competition in Holstein Cattle Procurement," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304380, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. Pudenz, Christopher C. & Schulz, Lee & Schulz, Lee L., 2022. "Multi-plant Coordination in the US Beef Packing Industry," ISU General Staff Papers 202202141403110000, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    5. Zhanwen Shi & Erbao Cao, 2020. "Contract farming problems and games under yield uncertainty," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 64(4), pages 1210-1238, October.
    6. Hildebrand, Kayla & Chung, Chinjin, 2023. "Selectivity Bias and Cattle Price in the Cattle Procurement Market," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 48(3), September.

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