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Los canales del desapalancamiento del sector privado: una comparación internacional

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Garrote
  • Jimena Llopis
  • Javier Vallés

Abstract

Tras el incremento del endeudamiento del sector privado durante la etapa previa a la Gran Recesión de 2008, resulta necesario corregir el balance de los agentes económicos más endeudados, para recuperar un crecimiento equilibrado. Este trabajo analiza cómo se está realizando el proceso de desapalancamiento del sector privado no financiero en cuatro países que experimentaron un boom inmobiliario —Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Irlanda y España— y cómo está afectando a su ritmo de recuperación. Los resultados señalan que en el período 2008-2012 está habiendo diferencias entre estos países no solo en la intensidad de la reducción de la deuda, sino también en su distribución entre agentes y sectores productivos, así como en la manera en que se está materializando el desapalancamiento. También cabe argumentar que las diferencias en los patrones de ajuste observados están relacionadas con las distintas políticas económicas adoptadas y con el entorno exterior de cada economía. En Estados Unidos, los factores que más están contribuyendo a reducir el endeudamiento son la mejora de la actividad y los saneamientos de la deuda de los hogares; en el Reino Unido ha dominado la inflación, que erosiona el valor de la deuda; y en Irlanda y en España está teniendo más peso la reducción de los flujos netos de financiación. Es previsible que los procesos de desapalancamiento continúen en el futuro, pues las ratios de endeudamiento aún son comparativamente elevadas. Estos procesos suelen tener un carácter progresivo, por lo que seguirán afectando al crecimiento del consumo y de la inversión en los próximos años.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Garrote & Jimena Llopis & Javier Vallés, 2013. "Los canales del desapalancamiento del sector privado: una comparación internacional," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue NOV, pages 69-80, Noviembre.
    • Handle: RePEc:bde:joures:y:2013:i:11:n:06
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E20 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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