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The Bootstrap and Multiple Imputations: Harnessing Increased Computing Power for Improved Statistical Tests

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Author Info
David Brownstone
Robert Valletta

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Abstract

The bootstrap and multiple imputations are two techniques that can enhance the accuracy of estimated confidence bands and critical values. Although they are computationally intensive, relying on repeated sampling from empirical data sets and associated estimates, modern computing power enables their application in a wide and growing number of econometric settings. We provide an intuitive overview of how to apply these techniques, referring to existing theoretical literature and various applied examples to illustrate both their possibilities and their pitfalls.

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Publisher Info
Article provided by American Economic Association in its journal Journal of Economic Perspectives.

Volume (Year): 15 (2001)
Issue (Month): 4 (Fall)
Pages: 129-141
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Handle: RePEc:aea:jecper:v:15:y:2001:i:4:p:129-141

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

  1. Valletta, Robert G, 1993. "Union Effects on Municipal Employment and Wages: A Longitudinal Approach," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 11(3), pages 545-74, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Brownstone, D. & Golob, T.F. & Kazimi, C., 1999. "Modeling Non-Ignorable Attrition and Measurement Error in Panel Surveys: An Application to Travel Demand Modeling," Papers 99-00-06, California Irvine - School of Social Sciences.
  3. Horowitz, Joel L., 2001. "The Bootstrap," Handbook of Econometrics, in: J.J. Heckman & E.E. Leamer (ed.), Handbook of Econometrics, edition 1, volume 5, chapter 52, pages 3159-3228 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Donald W. K. Andrews, 2000. "Inconsistency of the Bootstrap when a Parameter Is on the Boundary of the Parameter Space," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 68(2), pages 399-406, March.
  5. Jeremy Berkowitz & Lutz Kilian, 1996. "Recent developments in bootstrapping time series," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 96-45, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
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  6. Duncan, Greg J & Hill, Daniel H, 1985. "An Investigation of the Extent and Consequences of Measurement Error in Labor-Economic Survey Data," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(4), pages 508-32, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-38, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Lutz Kilian, 1998. "Small-Sample Confidence Intervals For Impulse Response Functions," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 80(2), pages 218-230, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. G. S. Hongyi Li, 1996. "Bootstrapping time series models," Econometric Reviews, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 115-158. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Bound, John & Krueger, Alan B, 1991. "The Extent of Measurement Error in Longitudinal Earnings Data: Do Two Wrongs Make a Right?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 9(1), pages 1-24, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  11. Joel L. Horowitz, 1996. "Bootstrap Methods in Econometrics: Theory and Numerical Performance," Econometrics 9602009, EconWPA, revised 05 Mar 1996. [Downloadable!]
  12. Brownstone, David & Valletta, Robert G, 1996. "Modeling Earnings Measurement Error: A Multiple Imputation Approach," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(4), pages 705-17, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Li, Hongyi & Maddala, G. S., 1997. "Bootstrapping cointegrating regressions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 80(2), pages 297-318, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Lutz Kilian, 1998. "Confidence intervals for impulse responses under departures from normality," Econometric Reviews, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 17(1), pages 1-29. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. White, Halbert, 1982. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Misspecified Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 1-25, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Asma Hyder & Barry Reilly, 2005. "The Public Sector Pay Gap in Pakistan: A Quantile Regression Analysis," PRUS Working Papers 33, Poverty Research Unit at Sussex, University of Sussex. [Downloadable!]
  2. Monchuk, Daniel C. & Hayes, Dermot J. & Miranowski, John, 2008. "Inference Based on Alternative Bootstrapping Methods in Spatial Models with an Application to County Income Growth in the United States," Staff General Research Papers 12958, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Fairlie, Robert W. & Robb, Alicia M., 2004. "Why Are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital," IZA Discussion Papers 1292, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  4. Asma Hyder & Barry Reilly, 2005. "The Public and Private Sector Pay Gap in Pakistan: A Quantile Regression Analysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 44(3), pages 271-306. [Downloadable!]
  5. Kenneth S. Rogoff & Vania Stavrakeva, 2008. "The Continuing Puzzle of Short Horizon Exchange Rate Forecasting," NBER Working Papers 14071, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Andersson, Pernilla & Wadensjö, Eskil, 2004. "Why Do Self-Employed Immigrants in Denmark and Sweden Have Such Low Incomes?," IZA Discussion Papers 1280, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  7. Emmanuel Flachaire, 2005. "Bootstrapping heteroskedastic regression models: wild bootstrap vs. pairs bootstrap," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00175910_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Robert Fairlie & Alicia Robb, 2005. "Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey," Working Papers 05-07, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau. [Downloadable!]
  9. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia Robb, 2003. "Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey," Working Papers 871, Economic Growth Center, Yale University. [Downloadable!]
  10. Bluedorn, John & Bowdler, Christopher, . "Open Economy Codependence: U.S. Monetary Policy and Interest Rate Pass-through," Discussion Paper Series In Economics And Econometrics 0615, Economics Division, School of Social Sciences, University of Southampton. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Robert Fairlie & Alicia Robb, 2005. "Why Are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital," Working Papers 05-06, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau. [Downloadable!]
  12. Fairlie, Robert W. & Robb, Alicia M., 2004. "Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 1296, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
  13. Hutchens, Robert & Grace-Martin, Karen, 2004. "Who Among White Collar Workers Has an Opportunity for Phased Retirement? Establishment Characteristics," IZA Discussion Papers 1155, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). [Downloadable!]
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