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Kapazitätsmechanismen als Rettungsschirm der Energiewende? Zur Versorgungssicherheit bei hohen Anteilen fluktuierender erneuerbarer Energien im Stromsystem

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  • Reeg, Matthias
  • Brandt, Robert
  • Gawel, Erik
  • Heim, Sven
  • Korte, Klaas
  • Lehmann, Paul
  • Massier, Philipp
  • Schober, Dominik
  • Wassermann, Sandra

Abstract

Die Frage, ob Liberalisierung und Energiewende die Schaffung eines Kapazitätsmarkts zur Gewährleistung der Versorgungssicherheit notwendig machen, ist seit einigen Jahren Gegenstand kontroverser wissenschaftlicher und öffentlicher Debatten. Hintergrund hierbei ist zum einen, dass der Anteil der staatlich geförderten fluktuierenden erneuerbaren Energieträger Wind und Sonne an der Gesamtstromerzeugung kontinuierlich ansteigt, was sich negativ auf die Einsatzzeiten und Fahrweise einiger konventioneller Kraftwerke auswirkt und die Anforderungen an die Zusammensetzung und den Betrieb des konventionellen Kraftwerksparks grundlegend ändert. Zum anderen sind die Großhandelspreise an den Strombörsen in den letzten Jahren aus verschiedenen Gründen gesunken. Infolgedessen sehen sich die Betreiber fossiler Kraftwerke mit Wirtschaftlichkeitsproblemen konfrontiert, und es steht die Befürchtung von Kraftwerksstilllegungen und mangelnden Neuinvestitionen im Raum, wodurch die Versorgungssicherheit in Gefahr geraten könnte. Als Reaktion auf diese Befürchtung hat sich sehr schnell eine Diskussion um Kapazitätsmechanismen als Absicherungsinstrument entsponnen. Diese sehen zusätzliche Zahlungen an Kraftwerksbetreiber für die Vorhaltung von gesicherten Stromerzeugungskapazitäten vor. Bislang erhalten Kraftwerksbetreiber explizite Vergütungen vorrangig für die eingespeiste elektrische Arbeit. Die Forderung nach solchen Zahlungen erscheint jedoch aus mehrerlei Gründen vorschnell. Einerseits ist bislang nur unzureichend untersucht, ob angesichts von Überkapazitäten und des weiteren Fortschreitens der Energiewende tatsächlich eine Knappheit an gesicherter Erzeugungskapazität in Deutschland zu erwarten ist. Andererseits blendet die Diskussion durch die Fokussierung auf Kapazitätsmechanismen die Frage aus, ob es nicht bessere Alternativen zur Gewährleistung der Versorgungssicherheit gibt. An diesen beiden Punkten knüpft das vorliegende Papier an. [...]

Suggested Citation

  • Reeg, Matthias & Brandt, Robert & Gawel, Erik & Heim, Sven & Korte, Klaas & Lehmann, Paul & Massier, Philipp & Schober, Dominik & Wassermann, Sandra, 2015. "Kapazitätsmechanismen als Rettungsschirm der Energiewende? Zur Versorgungssicherheit bei hohen Anteilen fluktuierender erneuerbarer Energien im Stromsystem," UFZ Discussion Papers 1/2015, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Division of Social Sciences (ÖKUS).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:12015
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