How Green Strategic Leadership Capabilities affect Pro-Environmental and Green Innovative Behavior in Manufacturing firms of Pakistan: A Mediatory Role of Environment Knowledge Sharing, Green Rewards and Green Self-Efficacy complemented by Green Training

The research investigates the effects of the dimensions of Green Strategic Leadership Capabilities i.e. 1. foresight, 2. adaptive, and 3. absorptive capabilities on pro-environmental behavior and green innovative behavior in manufacturing firms in Pakistan and then considers the mediating influences of environmental knowledge sharing, green rewards, and green self-efficacy, along with the moderating effect of green training. We infer that foresight capabilities are measured by 1. Green tester (GT), and 2. Green farmer (GF), adaptive capabilities that included 1. Green management system (GMS), 2. Green Markets (GM), and 3. Gren Technology (GTEC), and absorptive capabilities measured by 1. Green Acquisition (GA), 2. Green assimilation (GAS), and 3. Green Transformation (GTRAN), and Green Exploitation (GE), all enhance environmental knowledge sharing, this will in turn increase green rewards and green self-efficacy, ultimately leading to pro-environmental behavior and green innovative behavior. We also contend that the effects of green rewards and green self-efficacy on pro environmental and green innovative behavior are moderated by green training in a way that high levels of training with make these relationships more pronounced. The study has collected 300 responses from the managerial staff of Pakistani manufacturing firms. The results show that Green foresight capability negatively significantly affects environmental knowledge sharing, while green absorptive capability greatly enhances both environmental knowledge sharing and green self-efficacy. Environmental knowledge sharing positively and significantly mediates the relationship between the two green capabilities and green rewards. Moreover, green rewards favor green innovative behavior and pro environmental behavior while green self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on green innovative behavior. Finally, green training moderates the relationship between green rewards and pro-environmental behavior in a negative way because of mediation. The overall conclusion suggests that environmental knowledge sharing acts as an important mediator for a lot of relationships, whereas green training moderates the effect on behavior. Thus, the results show that organizational capabilities with knowledge sharing are important drivers of sustainable behavior and innovation in these manufacturing firms.