An empirical analysis of the Free Senior High School (SHS) policy and its implications for gender parity: a case study of the Nzema East District

Despite the policy’s success in increasing overall enrollment and reducing financial barriers, gender-specific challenges persist, particularly for female students. This study examines the impact of Ghana's Free Senior High School (Free SHS) policy on promoting gender equity in education, focusing on two senior high schools in the Nzema East District. The study adopts a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore enrollment, retention, and completion rates alongside stakeholders’ perceptions. Findings reveal that while the Free SHS policy has significantly improved access for girls, socio-cultural norms, inadequate gender-sensitive infrastructure, and economic challenges continue to impede equity. The research highlights the need for targeted interventions, such as mentorship programs, improved school facilities, and community advocacy, to address these barriers. This study provides critical insights into the Free SHS policy's role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 5, offering recommendations to enhance its effectiveness in fostering gender equity in Ghanaian education.