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Did external barriers cause the marginalization of sub-Saharan Africa in world trade?

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  • Amjadi, Azita*Reinke, Ulrich*Yeats, Alexander

Abstract

OECD barriers did not play a significant role in sub-Saharan Africa's declining position in world trade over the last three decades. The detrimental effects of the African countries'own policies, such as those that influence international transport costs, were considerably more important. However, OECD countries have policy options available that could further improve the external environment for, and competitive position of, African exports. Given the dimensions of rural poverty throughout Africa, and the potential contribution increased agricultural exports could make toward its alleviation, initiatives relating to this sector should have the highest priority. The first chapter of the paper discusses trade and African development prospects. Chapter 2 reviews the destination and composition of African exports. Chapter 3 addresses the OECD tariff barriers facing Africa and chapter 4 the nontariff barriers. Finally, chapter 5 discusses some issues relating to transport costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Amjadi, Azita*Reinke, Ulrich*Yeats, Alexander, 1996. "Did external barriers cause the marginalization of sub-Saharan Africa in world trade?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1586, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:1586
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    Cited by:

    1. Acar, Mustafa, 1999. "What is Next for Turkey? Implications of Incorporating Agriculture into the Customs Union with the EU," Conference papers 330884, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    2. Stephen Redding & Anthony Venables, 2004. "Geography and Export Performance: External Market Access and Internal Supply Capacity," NBER Chapters, in: Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics, pages 95-127, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Bianka Dettmer & Andreas Freytag & Peter Draper, 2013. "Check-in, departure and arrival times: Air cargo in Southern Africa?," Jena Economics Research Papers 2013-018, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    4. Hoekman, Bernard & Michalopoulos, Constantine & Winters, L. alan, 2003. "More favorable and differential treatment of developing countries : toward a new approach in the World Trade Organization," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3107, The World Bank.
    5. T. Ademola OYEJIDE, 2000. "Interests And Options Of Developing And Least-Developed Countries In A New Round Of Multilateral Trade Negotiations," G-24 Discussion Papers 2, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    6. Joseph F. Francois & Ian Wooton, 2001. "Trade in International Transport Services: The Role of Competition," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(2), pages 249-261, May.
    7. Frensch, Richard & Fidrmuc, Jarko & Rindler, Michael, 2023. "Topography, borders, and trade across Europe," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(3), pages 816-832.
    8. Behar, Alberto & Edwards, Lawrence, 2011. "How integrated is SADC ? trends in intra-regional and extra-regional trade flows and policy," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5625, The World Bank.
    9. Lawrence Edwards & Neil Rankin, 2016. "Is Africa integrating? Evidence from product markets," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 266-289, March.
    10. Ng, Francis & Yeats, Alexander, 1999. "Good governance and trade policy : are they the keys to Africa's global integration and growth?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2038, The World Bank.
    11. Djeto Assane & Eric P. Chiang, 2014. "Trade, Structural Reform, And Institutions In Sub-Saharan Africa," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 32(1), pages 20-29, January.
    12. Tom Achterbosch & Hakim Ben Hammouda & Patrick Osakwe & Frank van Tongeren, 2004. "Trade liberalisation under the Doha Development Agenda Options and consequences for Africa," International Trade 0407013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Stephen Redding & Anthony J. Venables, 2002. "Explaining Cross-Country Export Performance: International Linkages and Internal Geography," CEP Discussion Papers dp0549, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    14. Limao, Nuno & Venables, Anthony J., 1999. "Infrastructure, geographical disadvantage, and transport costs," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2257, The World Bank.
    15. Logožar, Klavdij & Radonjič, Gregor & Bastič, Majda, 2006. "Incorporation of reverse logistics model into in-plant recycling process: A case of aluminium industry," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 49-67.
    16. Dettmer, Bianka & Freytag, Andreas & Draper, Peter, 2014. "Air Cargo beyond Trade Barriers in Africa," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 29, pages 95-138.
    17. Combes, Pierre-Philippe & Lafourcade, Miren, 2003. "Core-Periphery Patterns of Generalized Transport Costs: France, 1978-98," CEPR Discussion Papers 3958, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    18. Jawad, Faris, 2004. "Der Marktzugang nach GATT/WTO-Regeln: Anspruch und Wirklichkeit und seine Bedeutung für die Handelsentwicklung der Dritten Welt," IEE Working Papers 177, Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Development Research and Development Policy (IEE).
    19. Anthony Black & Lawrence Edwards & Faizel Ismail & Brian Makundi & Mike Morris, 2019. "Spreading the gains?: Prospects and policies for the development of regional value chains in Southern Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-48, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    20. Redding, Stephen & Venables, Anthony J., 2003. "South-East Asian export performance: external market access and internal supply capacity," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 404-431, December.

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