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Gender-Based Employment Segregation: Understanding Causes and Policy Interventions
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Abstract
Employment segregation—the unequal distribution of female and male workers across and within jobtypes—is often at the heart of gender gaps in job quality, wage and employment trajectories. Employment segregation carries important costs for the economy, particularly in countries facing a demographic crunch, a dearth of talent among job applicants, or an increasing proportion of households in which women are the primary bread earners. Nevertheless, employment segregation appears to be resilient to economic development and market forces, and it remains present in developed and developing countries alike. This paper discusses the factors that drive employment segregation, and policy prescriptions suggested by the literature. While prescriptions are highly dependent on local context, government policies are most likely to be effective if they strategically address the supply-side and demand-side constraints that are binding for a particular context, address several constraints in parallel if they are simultaneously binding, and carefully consider general equilibrium effects.
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Cited by:
- Urs Fischbacher & Dorothea Kübler & Robert Stüber, 2024.
"Betting on Diversity—Occupational Segregation and Gender Stereotypes,"
Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 70(8), pages 5502-5516, August.
- Fischbacher, Urs & Kübler, Dorothea & Stüber, Robert, 2022. "Betting on diversity: Occupational segregation and gender stereotypes," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Market Behavior SP II 2022-207, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
- Urs Fischbacher & Dorothea Kübler & Robert Stüber, 2022. "Betting on Diversity – Occupational Segregation and Gender Stereotypes," CESifo Working Paper Series 10187, CESifo.
- Fischbacher, Urs & Kübler, Dorothea & Stüber, Robert, 2022. "Betting on Diversity – Occupational Segregation and Gender Stereotypes," Rationality and Competition Discussion Paper Series 355, CRC TRR 190 Rationality and Competition.
- Mariola Piłatowska & Dorota Witkowska, 2022. "Gender Segregation at Work over Business Cycle—Evidence from Selected EU Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
- Joslin, Knut-Eric & Nordvik, Frode Martin, 2021. "Does religion curtail women during booms? Evidence from resource discoveries," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 205-224.
- Paez, Gustavo Nicolas & Tin, Myat Su, 2021. "Gender-based differences in Myanmar’s labor force," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 21(C).
- Ajayi, Kehinde & Das, Smita & Delavallade, Clara & Ketema, Tigist Assefa & Rouanet, Lea Marie, 2022. "Gender Differences in Socio-Emotional Skills and Economic Outcomes : New Evidence from 17 African Countries," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10197, The World Bank.
- World Bank, 2023. "The Future of Pacific Tourism," World Bank Publications - Reports 39738, The World Bank Group.
- T. C Lamprea-Barragan & A. F. GarcÔøΩa- Suaza, 2021. "Decomposing the Gender Pay Gap in Colombia: Do Industry and Occupation Matter?," Documentos de Trabajo 19437, Universidad del Rosario.
- Amene Afework Jenberu & Getaye Mulugeta Kasse, 2021. "Deriving forces and socioeconomic status of women in the urban informal sector in Bichena Town, West-Central Ethiopia," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 23(2), pages 258-282, December.
- Gautam Hazarika & Maroula Khraiche & Levent Kutlu, 2024.
"Gender equity in labor market opportunities and aggregate technical efficiency: a case of equity promoting efficiency,"
Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(23), pages 2806-2817, May.
- Hazarika, Gautam & Khraiche, Maroula & Kutlu, Levent, 2023. "Gender Equity in Labor Market Opportunities and Aggregate Technical Efficiency: A Case of Equity Promoting Efficiency," IZA Discussion Papers 16096, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
- Delavallade, Clara & Zenaki, Manil Nadir & Rouanet, Lea Marie & Koussoube, Mousson Estelle Jamel, 2024. "Exploring the Drivers of Youth Pursuing Vocational Training in High-Paying Sectors in Côte d’Ivoire," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10924, The World Bank.
- Smita Das & Clara Delavallade & Ayodele Fashogbon & Wale Olatunji Ogunleye & Sreelakshmi Papineni, 2023. "Occupational sex segregation in agriculture: Evidence on gender norms and socio‐emotional skills in Nigeria," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(2), pages 179-219, March.
- Broso, Matteo & Gallice, Andrea & Muratori, Caterina, 2024.
"Gender Prescribed Occupations and the Wage Gap,"
GLO Discussion Paper Series
1529, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
- Matteo Broso & Andrea Gallice & Caterina Muratori, 2024. "Gender Prescribed Occupations and the Wage Gap," Carlo Alberto Notebooks 728 JEL Classification: J, Collegio Carlo Alberto.
- María Bugallo & Domingo Morales & María Dolores Esteban & Maria Chiara Pagliarella, 2024. "Model-Based Estimation of Small Area Dissimilarity Indexes: An Application to Sex Occupational Segregation in Spain," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 174(2), pages 473-501, September.
- Das,Smita & Delavallade,Clara Anne & Fashogbon,Ayodele Emmanuel & Ogunleye,Wale Olatunji & Papineni,Sreelakshmi, 2021. "Occupational Sex Segregation in Agriculture : Evidence on Gender Norms and Socio-Emotional Skills in Nigeria," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9695, The World Bank.
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