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L’enseignement supérieur et la crise en Europe: Quelques réflexions

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  • Jean Luc De Meulemeester

Abstract

Dans cet article, nous présentons l’impact de la crise économique et financière sur l’enseignement supérieur dans divers pays européens. Si certains ont fait le choix de coupes massives dans ce secteur (Angleterre ,Etats Baltes…), d’autres (France, Allemagne) ont préféré le « sanctuariser» car il y est vu comme central pour la compétitivité, la croissance et l’employabilité, tout en menant des réformes institutionnelles parfois assez profondes. Bien entendu, les réponses des divers pays à la crise sont liées aux conditions socio-économiques propres à chacun, ainsi qu’à leur contexte institutionnel. Après avoir souligné les grandes divergences entre pays européens en termes de politiques menées, nous soulignons l’importance qu’il y a à les repositionner par rapport aux politiques européennes (stratégie de Lisbonne, déclaration de Bologne). Nous soulignerons tant la référence quasi constante au « modèle américain » comme but ultime que le caractère plutôt anglais des techniques de gouvernance préconisées pour tendre vers ce résultat. C’est pourquoi dans une dernière section présentons dans une perspective de plus long terme l’évolution du modèle anglais depuis les années 80. La compréhension de cette évolution permet en effet de mieux comprendre le sens des politiques menées ailleurs en Europe. En conclusion, nous chercherons à interpréter les évolutions en cours comme forme d’accélération des tendances lourdes existantes (en Europe), tandis que la référence au modèle anglais nous permettra de tenter quelques conjectures sur le point final éventuel de ces évolutions en Europe.
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Suggested Citation

  • Jean Luc De Meulemeester, 2013. "L’enseignement supérieur et la crise en Europe: Quelques réflexions," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/147662, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  • Handle: RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/147662
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Finegold, David, 1999. "Creating Self-Sustaining, High-Skill Ecosystems," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 15(1), pages 60-81, Spring.
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    6. Quentin David, 2010. "Comparaison Internationale des Modes d’Organisation et de Financement de l’Enseignement Supérieur," DEM Discussion Paper Series 10-24, Department of Economics at the University of Luxembourg.
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    1. Liens de la semaine (6 – 12 février 2012)
      by jcbriquet in Ressources pour économistes on 2012-02-10 04:34:45

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I22 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Educational Finance; Financial Aid
    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions
    • I28 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Government Policy

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