The Role of Basic Sciences in Building Sustainable Smart Cities

This chapter explores the integral role of basic sciences—physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics—in developing Sustainable Smart Cities, which aim to enhance urban living through environmental sustainability and technological advancement. By examining how each of these scientific disciplines contributes to urban sustainability, the chapter provides a comprehensive overview of their application to smart city infrastructure, resource management, and environmental health. Physics underpins energy efficiency and structural integrity in building designs, while chemistry drives innovations in sustainable materials, waste management, and pollution control. Biological sciences support the development of green spaces, biodiversity conservation, and urban agriculture, promoting ecosystem services like carbon sequestration and natural cooling. Meanwhile, mathematics and data science enable real-time monitoring, predictive modeling, and optimized resource allocation, ensuring that cities can respond to dynamic urban challenges with agility and foresight. The chapter also discusses the interconnectedness of these sciences and highlights the need for continued investment in research and education to sustain progress in this field. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and a commitment to scientific innovation, Sustainable Smart Cities can address the pressing issues of climate change and urbanization, paving the way for resilient, efficient, and inclusive urban environments.