IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/116666.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Testing Club Convergence in COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Administered in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Ogundari, Kolawole

Abstract

The development of vaccines is considered an important public health tool to combat the spread of the COVID-19 virus globally. And this study examines whether convergence exists in COVID-19 vaccinations across U.S. states and territories. We employed the club convergence test and data on the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered daily from December 13, 2020, to October 11, 2022. This yields balanced panel data covering all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia (D.C.), and 8 U.S. territories with 39 412 observations. The empirical result shows a lack of support for the overall convergence in the data. We employed the club clustering algorithm to check whether club convergence exists in the sample. And the results identify two initial convergence clubs and a divergence group in COVID-19 vaccinations across U.S. states and territories. Finally, we performed a club merger test because of the possible overestimation of the number of clubs. This resulted in identifying one final convergence club and a divergence group in the sample. The evidence supporting the lack of overall convergence in the data implies that the states/territories with lower COVID-19 vaccination rates are not catching up with those with higher vaccination rates over time. Also, a convergence club means that states/territories in the club with lower vaccination rates are catching up with those with higher vaccination rates over time. Therefore, increasing vaccination rates might require specific interventions targeting states and territories within the convergence club.

Suggested Citation

  • Ogundari, Kolawole, 2023. "Testing Club Convergence in COVID-19 Vaccine Doses Administered in the United States," MPRA Paper 116666, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:116666
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/116666/1/MPRA_paper_116666.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sala-i-Martin, Xavier X, 1996. "The Classical Approach to Convergence Analysis," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 106(437), pages 1019-1036, July.
    2. Peter C. B. Phillips & Donggyu Sul, 2009. "Economic transition and growth," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(7), pages 1153-1185.
    3. Peter C. B. Phillips & Donggyu Sul, 2007. "Transition Modeling and Econometric Convergence Tests," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 75(6), pages 1771-1855, November.
    4. Dragan Tevdovski & Petar Jolakoski & Viktor Stojkoski, 2022. "The impact of state capacity on the cross-country variations in COVID-19 vaccination rates," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 237-255, September.
    5. Kerui Du, 2017. "Econometric convergence test and club clustering using Stata," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 17(4), pages 882-900, December.
    6. Vanesa Jordá & José Sarabia, 2015. "International Convergence in Well-Being Indicators," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 120(1), pages 1-27, January.
    7. Regmi, Anita & Takeshima, Hiroyuki & Unnevehr, Laurian J., 2008. "Convergence in Global Food Demand and Delivery," Economic Research Report 56449, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kolawole Ogundari, 2023. "Club Convergence in Income Inequality in Africa," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 319-337, June.
    2. Gulati, Rachita, 2022. "Bank ownership and governance quality in India: Evolution and detection of convergence clubs," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    3. Christopoulos, Konstantinos & Eleftheriou, Konstantinos, 2020. "Premature mortality in the US: A convergence study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    4. Sulekha Hembram & Souparna Maji & Sushil Kr. Haldar, 2019. "Club Convergence among the Major Indian States During 1982–2014: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 20(2), pages 184-204, September.
    5. Sakiru Adebola Solarin, 2018. "Convergence hypothesis in tourism markets and activities in Taiwan," Tourism Economics, , vol. 24(8), pages 1037-1044, December.
    6. Diego Aboal & Bibiana Lanzilotta & Martin Pereyra & Maria Paz Queraltó, 2020. "Regional Economic Development and Convergence Clubs in Uruguay," Documentos de Trabajo 17902, The Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA).
    7. Bai, Caiquan & Yan, Hong & Yin, Shanggang & Feng, Chen & Wei, Qian, 2021. "Exploring the development trend of internet finance in China: Perspective from club convergence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    8. E. Taymaz, 2022. "Regional Convergence or Polarization: The Case of the Russian Federation," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 469-482, December.
    9. Chen, Yu & Lin, Boqiang, 2021. "Understanding the green total factor energy efficiency gap between regional manufacturing—insight from infrastructure development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    10. Yao Wang & Qiang Yang & Xuenan Wu & Ruichen Wang & Tilei Gao & Yuntong Liu, 2023. "A Study of Trends in Low-Energy Development Patterns in China: A Data-Driven Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-18, June.
    11. Syed Abul, Basher & Jobaida, Behtarin & Salim, Rashid, 2022. "Convergence across Subnational Regions of Bangladesh – What the Night Lights Data Say?," MPRA Paper 111963, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Mariarosaria Comunale & Anh Dinh Minh Nguyen & Soroosh Soofi-Siavash, 2019. "Convergence and growth decomposition: an analysis on Lithuania," Bank of Lithuania Discussion Paper Series 17, Bank of Lithuania.
    13. Jesús Peiró-Palomino & William Orlando Prieto-Bustos & Emili Tortosa-Ausina, 2023. "Regional income convergence in Colombia: population, space, and long-run dynamics," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 70(2), pages 559-601, April.
    14. Alka Obadić & Vladimir Arčabić & Lucija Rogić Dumančić, 2021. "Labor market institutions convergence in the European Union," EFZG Working Papers Series 2102, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb.
    15. Matysiak, George & Olszewski, Krzysztof, 2019. "A Panel Analysis of Polish Regional Cities Residential Price Convergence in the Primary Market," MPRA Paper 94660, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Ledesma-Cuenca, Ana & Montañés, Antonio & Simón-Fernández, María Blanca, 2022. "Disparities in premature mortality: Evidence for the OECD countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    17. Stilianos Alexiadis & Konstantinos Eleftheriou & Peter Nijkamp, 2021. "Club convergence of per capita disposable income in the United States," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(5), pages 1565-1580, October.
    18. Sulekha Hembram & Sushil Kr. Haldar, 2020. "Is India experiencing health convergence? An empirical analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 591-618, November.
    19. Mateusz Tomal & Agata Gumieniak, 2020. "Agricultural Land Price Convergence: Evidence from Polish Provinces," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    20. Jin Hu & Xuelei Xiong & Yuanyuan Cai & Feng Yuan, 2020. "The Ripple Effect and Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Intra-Urban Housing Prices at the Submarket Level in Shanghai, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-17, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; Convergence; Divergence; Panel data; Vaccine; United States;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:116666. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.