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Strukturelle Hemmnisse der Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung im deutschen Stromnetzausbau der Energiewende

Author

Listed:
  • Kamlage, Jan-Hendrik
  • Rogall, Marius
  • Sasse, David
  • Mohr, Kim

Abstract

Der Ausbau der Stromübertragungsnetze spielt im Rahmen der deutschen Energiewende eine zentrale Rolle, aber führt in den betroffenen Kommunen regelmäßig zu Konflikten. Die Übertragungsnetzbetreiber (ÜNB) setzen auf informelle Formate der Stakeholderbeteiligung, um die Akzeptanz und Legitimität der Stromleitungsprojekte zu fördern. Diese informellen Beteiligungsprozesse haben die ÜNB in den letzten 15 Jahren kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, diese Entwicklung kritisch zu beleuchten. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie sich frühe experimentelle und dialogorientierte Ansätze zu zunehmend professionalisierten und standardisierten, kampagnenartigen Beteiligungsformaten entwickelt haben. Während diese Praktiken die Transparenz und Akzeptanz von Planungsverfahren und der ÜNB als Projektentwickler erhöhen, bleibt ihr Einfluss auf die Akzeptanz der Infrastrukturprojekte selbst begrenzt. Auf der Grundlage dieser Analyse identifiziert der Beitrag fünf strukturelle Hindernisse – ungleiche Verteilung von Lasten und Nutzen, hohe Komplexität und Ressourcenknappheit, begrenzte lokale Entscheidungsbefugnisse, die Doppelrolle der ÜNB sowie lokal spezifische Akzeptanzkonstellationen –, die die Wirksamkeit informeller Beteiligung systematisch einschränken. Abschließend plädiert der Beitrag für einen systemischen und kontextsensitiven Ansatz für die lokale Governance der Energieinfrastruktur. The expansion of electricity transmission grids plays a central role in Germany’s energy transition, but regularly leads to conflicts in the local communities affected. Transmission system operators (TSOs) rely on informal forms of stakeholder engagement to promote acceptance and legitimacy of power line projects. The TSOs have continuously refined these informal engagement processes over the last 15 years. The aim of this paper is to critically examine this development. It demonstrates how early experimental and dialogue-oriented approaches have evolved into increasingly professionalised and standardised, campaign-style participation formats. Whilst these practices enhance the transparency and acceptance of planning procedures and of the TSOs as project developers, their influence on the acceptance of the infrastructure projects themselves remains limited. Based on this analysis, the paper identifies five structural barriers – unequal distribution of costs and benefits, high complexity and resource scarcity, limited local decision-making powers, the dual role of the TSO, and locally specific acceptance constellations – which systematically limit the effectiveness of informal participation. In conclusion, the paper advocates a systemic and context-sensitive approach to the local governance of energy infrastructure.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamlage, Jan-Hendrik & Rogall, Marius & Sasse, David & Mohr, Kim, 2026. "Strukturelle Hemmnisse der Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung im deutschen Stromnetzausbau der Energiewende," SocArXiv 8e34r_v1, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:8e34r_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/8e34r_v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Neukirch, Mario, 2014. "Konflikte um den Ausbau der Stromnetze: Status und Entwicklung heterogener Protestkonstellationen," Research Contributions to Organizational Sociology and Innovation Studies, SOI Discussion Papers 2014-01, University of Stuttgart, Institute for Social Sciences, Department of Organizational Sociology and Innovation Studies.
    2. Schweizer, Pia-Johanna & Bovet, Jana, 2016. "The potential of public participation to facilitate infrastructure decision-making: Lessons from the German and European legal planning system for electricity grid expansion," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 64-73.
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