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Developing an Inventory and Typology of Land-Use Planning Systems and Policy Instruments in OECD Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Elisabete A. Silva

    (University of Cambridge)

  • Ransford A. Acheampong

    (University of Cambridge)

Abstract

This report provides an overview of spatial and land-use planning systems in OECD countries1 focusing on: (i) the governance systems across countries, (ii) the institutional and legal frameworks for spatial planning, and (iii) the various policy instruments used at different levels of territorial governance to articulate spatial development objectives, manage physical development and protect the environment. The report draws on available academic literature and policy documents. The analysis shows a strong relationship between governance models and authority and competences for spatial planning. Spatial plans at various spatial scales are used to create the preconditions for harmonising socio-economic development goals with environmental protection imperatives. Environmental assessment constitutes another key regulatory instrument. National plans, programmes, regional development and land-use plans as well as sector plans and policies are subjected to Strategic Environmental Assessment. Individual projects resulting from these policy instruments are subjected to Environmental Impact Assessment in most countries. In all countries, environmentally-related permits work together with environmental assessments to ensure that environmental considerations are taken into account in the siting of industrial installations and mega-infrastructure projects that would have significant impacts on the environment. The main challenges associated with environmental assessment in most countries include the political nature of the assessment process, the cost (time and money) of assessment particularly to businesses, limited consultation periods, limited technical capacity of institutions, the endeavour for independence and quality of the assessment and the absence of robust legislative frameworks. Ce rapport propose un tour d’horizon des systèmes d’aménagement de l’espace et d’urbanisme dans les pays de l’OCDE2, qui met l’accent sur : (i) les systèmes de gouvernance des différents pays, (ii) les cadres institutionnels et juridiques de l’aménagement de l’espace, et (iii) les divers instruments employés aux différents échelons de gouvernance territoriale pour définir les objectifs de développement territorial, gérer le milieu physique et protéger l’environnement. Le rapport fait fond sur les travaux universitaires publiés et les documents d’orientation disponibles. L’analyse montre un lien étroit entre les modèles de gouvernance et l’autorité et les compétences en matière d’aménagement de l’espace. Les plans d’aménagement sont appliqués aux niveaux national et infranational pour intégrer les considérations sociales, économiques et environnementales dans les décisions d’allocation des ressources foncières et de répartition des activités. L’évaluation environnementale constitue un autre instrument réglementaire essentiel. Les plans et programmes nationaux, les plans régionaux d’aménagement et d’urbanisme ainsi que les politiques et plans sectoriels sont soumis à une évaluation environnementale stratégique. Les différents projets qui résultent de ces instruments font quant à eux l’objet d’une étude d’impact sur l’environnement dans la plupart des pays. Tous les pays ont couplé les autorisations liées à l’environnement à des évaluations environnementales, afin de faire en sorte que les considérations d’environnement entrent en ligne de compte dans le choix du site d’implantation des installations industrielles et des grandes infrastructures susceptibles d’avoir des incidences significatives sur l’environnement. Dans la plupart des pays, les difficultés que soulève l’évaluation environnementale tiennent surtout à la nature politique du processus d’évaluation, aux coûts qu’il induit (en temps et en argent), notamment pour les entreprises, à la brièveté des périodes de consultation, aux capacités techniques limitées des institutions et à l’absence de cadres législatifs solides.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabete A. Silva & Ransford A. Acheampong, 2015. "Developing an Inventory and Typology of Land-Use Planning Systems and Policy Instruments in OECD Countries," OECD Environment Working Papers 94, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaaa:94-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jrp6wgxp09s-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Eda Ustaoglu & Chris Jacobs-Crisioni, 2022. "What Drives Residential Land Expansion and Densification? An Analysis of Growing and Shrinking Regions," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-27, September.
    2. Ehrlich, Maximilian V. & Hilber, Christian A.L. & Schöni, Olivier, 2018. "Institutional settings and urban sprawl: Evidence from Europe," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 4-18.
    3. Alfasi, Nurit & Migdalovich, Eyal, 2020. "Losing faith in planning," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    4. Vitnarae Kang & Daniëlle A Groetelaers, 2018. "Regional governance and public accountability in planning for new housing: A new approach in South Holland, the Netherlands," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 36(6), pages 1027-1045, September.
    5. Walcott, James J, 2019. "Multiple and sequential land use: A national policy for Australia?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    6. Fastelli, Laura & Rovai, Massimo & Andreoli, Maria, 2018. "A Spatial Integrated Database for the Enhancement of the Agricultural Custodianship Role (SIDECAR)—Some preliminary tests using Tuscany as a case-study Region," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 791-802.
    7. Adjei-Poku, Bernard & Afrane, Samuel K. & Amoako, Clifford & Inkoom, Daniel K.B., 2023. "Customary land ownership and land use change in Kumasi: An issue of chieftaincy sustenance?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    8. Anoraga Jatayu & Ernan Rustiadi & Didit Okta Pribadi, 2020. "A Quantitative Approach to Characterizing the Changes and Managing Urban Form for Sustaining the Suburb of a Mega-Urban Region: The Case of North Cianjur," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-21, September.
    9. Kärkkäinen, Leena & Lehtonen, Heikki & Helin, Janne & Lintunen, Jussi & Peltonen-Sainio, Pirjo & Regina, Kristiina & Uusivuori, Jussi & Packalen, Tuula, 2020. "Evaluation of policy instruments for supporting greenhouse gas mitigation efforts in agricultural and urban land use," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    10. Melichová Katarína & Melišková Ina & Palšová Lucia, 2018. "Land Withdrawal Vs. Regional Development: Does Withdrawal of Agricultural Land Lead to Increase in Entrepreneurial Activity and Generate Positive Spatial Spillovers? (Slovak Republic)," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 10(4), pages 590-613, December.
    11. Mualam, Nir, 2018. "Playing with Supertankers: Centralization in Land Use Planning in Israel — A National Experiment Underway," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 269-283.
    12. Adib Ahmad Kurnia & Ernan Rustiadi & Andrea Emma Pravitasari, 2020. "Characterizing Industrial-Dominated Suburban Formation Using Quantitative Zoning Method: The Case of Bekasi Regency, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-19, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    environmental impact assessment (EIA); governance; land use; urbanisme;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • R50 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - General
    • R52 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Land Use and Other Regulations
    • R58 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Regional Government Analysis - - - Regional Development Planning and Policy

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