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Reassessing the NAIRUs after the Crisis

Author

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  • Stéphanie Guichard

    (OECD)

  • Elena Rusticelli

    (OECD)

Abstract

The financial crisis has resulted in a substantial increase in unemployment in the OECD. This paper shows that this increase has reversed the reduction in structural unemployment which has been estimated to have occurred in most OECD countries since the late 1990s. Structural unemployment is defined as a time-varying NAIRU derived from the information contained in a reduced Phillips curve equation (linking inflation to the unemployment gap) by means of a Kalman filter. The overall limited revisions in historical NAIRU estimated in 2008 after such a large labour market shock support the robustness of the OECD approach. This approach is therefore extended to almost all OECD countries. Alternative specifications of the Phillips curve are proposed for some specific groups of countries. Un réexamen des NAIRUs après la crise La crise de la crise financière a entraîné une augmentation importante du chômage dans l'OCDE. Ce document montre que cette augmentation a inversé la tendance á la réduction du chômage structurel que l’on avait été estimé avoir eu lieu dans la plupart des pays de l'OCDE depuis la fin des années 1990. Le chômage structurel est défini comme à un NAIRU variant dans le temps et dérivé de l'information contenue dans une équation de courbe de Phillips réduite (reliant l'inflation à l'écart du chômage au chômage structurel) au moyen d'un filtre de Kalman. Les révisions dans l’ensemble limitées du NAIRU historique estimés en 2008 après un tel choc sur le marché du travail supportent la robustesse de l'approche de l'OCDE. Cette approche est donc étendue à presque tous les pays de l'OCDE. Des spécifications alternatives de la courbe de Phillips sont proposées pour certains groupes spécifiques du pays.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphanie Guichard & Elena Rusticelli, 2011. "Reassessing the NAIRUs after the Crisis," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 918, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:918-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5kg0kp712f6l-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Dany Brouillette & Marie-Noëlle Robitaille & Laurence Savoie-Chabot & Pierre St-Amant & Bassirou Gueye & Elise Martin, 2019. "The Trend Unemployment Rate in Canada: Searching for the Unobservable," Staff Working Papers 19-13, Bank of Canada.
    2. Jakub Bechný, 2019. "Unemployment Hysteresis in the Czech Republic," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2019(5), pages 532-546.
    3. Laurence Ball & Joern Onken, 2022. "Hysteresis in unemployment: Evidence from OECD estimates of the natural rate," International Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 268-284, December.
    4. Olivier Coibion & Yuriy Gorodnichenko & Mauricio Ulate, 2019. "Is Inflation Just Around the Corner? The Phillips Curve and Global Inflationary Pressures," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 109, pages 465-469, May.
    5. repec:prg:jnlpep:v:preprint:id:709:p:1-15 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. International Monetary Fund, 2014. "Baltic Cluster Report: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2014/117, International Monetary Fund.
    7. Artem Vdovychenko, 2022. "Estimating the natural rate of unemployment for Ukraine," IHEID Working Papers 21-2022, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    8. Stefan Gerlach, 2013. "Monetary Policy after the Crisis," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 81, pages 16-34, September.
    9. Mr. Christian H Ebeke & Greetje Everaert, 2014. "Unemployment and Structural Unemployment in the Baltics," IMF Working Papers 2014/153, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Romain Bouis & Ane Kathrine Christensen & Boris Cournède, 2013. "Deleveraging: Challenges, Progress and Policies," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1077, OECD Publishing.
    11. Patrik Kupkovic, 2020. "R-star in Transition Economies: Evidence from Slovakia," Working and Discussion Papers WP 3/2020, Research Department, National Bank of Slovakia.
    12. Borsi, Mihály Tamás, 2018. "Credit contractions and unemployment," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 573-593.
    13. Stefano Fasani, 2021. "On the Long-run Unemployment, Inflation, and Volatility," Working Papers 924, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    14. Ondřej Čížek, 2015. "Makroekonometrický model eurozóny [Macroeconometric Model of the Eurozone]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2015(3), pages 279-299.
    15. OECD & Elena Rusticelli, 2014. "Rescuing the Phillips curve: Making use of long-term unemployment in the measurement of the NAIRU," OECD Journal: Economic Studies, OECD Publishing, vol. 2014(1), pages 109-127.
    16. Bjarni G. Einarsson & Jósef Sigurdsson, 2013. "How "Natural" is the Natural Rate? Unemployment Hysteresis in Iceland," Economics wp64, Department of Economics, Central bank of Iceland.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    chômage; chômage structurel; courbe de Phillips; NAIRU; NAIRU; Phillips curves; structural unemployment; unemployment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • J6 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

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