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The Czech Labour Market: Documenting Structural Change and Remaining Challenges

Author

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  • Sónia Araújo

    (OECD)

  • Petr Maleček

Abstract

The Czech labour market has undergone significant changes as a consequence of economic restructuring. This paper analyses these changes, highlighting both the impact of the recent economic crisis and some of the longer-run determinants of the Czech labour market. The higher share of tertiary education graduates has increased the supply of skills. Simultaneously, the development of services and the integration into global value chains have changed the composition of employment, away from construction and agriculture, and with significant shifts within the manufacturing sector. Although at an aggregate level the labour market performs well, a deeper analysis reveals several weaknesses. In particular, long-term and youth unemployment are persistent and especially affect the lower-skilled. Skill and occupational mismatches of vocational education graduates show that the education system fails to provide the qualifications required by the labour market. At the same time, regional differences in labour market performance have grown. Raising the low employment rate of women with young children would mitigate labour force ageing and prevent skill deterioration of a highly educated labour force. Over time, the labour market has been responding faster to output shocks and output growth consistent with constant unemployment has dropped significantly. Young people are more vulnerable to fluctuations in economic output than the rest of the labour force. The volume of labour market flows increased substantially during the recent years, both for short- and long-term unemployment. Le marché de travail Tchèque : documentation du changement structurel et des defis restants Le marché du travail tchèque a subi des changements importants dans un contexte de restructuration économique. Ce document analyse ces changements, et notamment l'impact de la crise économique récente ainsi que certains des déterminants à plus long terme du marché du travail tchèque. Le taux plus élevé de diplômés de l'enseignement supérieur a augmenté l'offre de compétences. Dans le même temps, le développement des services et l'intégration dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales ont changé la composition de l'emploi, avec une diminution de la part dans la construction et l'agriculture, et des changements importants dans le secteur manufacturier. Bien qu’au niveau agrégé la performance du marché du travail est bonne, une analyse plus fine révèle certaine faiblesses. En particulier, le chômage de long terme et celui des jeunes sont une caractéristique persistante, affectant surtout ceux ayant des compétences faibles. L'inadéquation des compétences et des occupations des diplômés de la formation professionnelle met en évidence une difficulté du système d'éducation à offrir les qualifications demandées par le marché du travail. En même temps, les différences régionales dans la performance du marché du travail se sont accentuées. Augmenter le faible taux d'emploi des femmes avec de jeunes enfants permettrait de contrecarrer le vieillissement de la main-d'oeuvre et de prévenir la détérioration des compétences d'une main-d'oeuvre hautement qualifiée. Au fil du temps, le marché du travail est devenu plus réactif aux chocs et la croissance de la production compatible avec un chômage constant a baissé de manière significative. Les jeunes sont plus vulnérables aux fluctuations de la production économique que le reste de la population active. Le volume des flux du marché du travail ont augmenté considérablement au cours des dernières années, tant pour le chômage de courte que de longue durée.

Suggested Citation

  • Sónia Araújo & Petr Maleček, 2015. "The Czech Labour Market: Documenting Structural Change and Remaining Challenges," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1213, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1213-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js1qvs5c1vb-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    chômage; chômage des jeunes; compétences; Czech Republic; dynamique du marché du travail; enseignement et formation professionnelle; female labour market participation; labour market; labour market dynamics; marché du travail; participation au marché du travail des femmes; République tchèque; skills; unemployment; vocational education and training; youth unemployment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J60 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - General

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