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Industrial Policy, Employer Size, and Economic Performance in Sweden

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Listed author(s):
  • Steven J. Davis
  • Magnus Henrekson

Abstract

The pre-1990 Swedish tax system strongly disfavored younger, smaller and less capital-intensive firms and sectors and discouraged entrepreneurship and family ownership of businesses in favor of institutional ownership. Credit market regulations, the national pension system, employment security laws and centralized wage setting in Sweden reinforced the distortionary impact of the tax system. We describe the relevant Swedish policies and institutional arrangements, and we explain why the attendant distortions are likely to have hampered the efficient allocation of resources, reduced productivity, and retarded economic growth and recovery. We also develop evidence on the consequences of these distortions for the size structure and industrial distribution of employment. Taking the U.S. industrial distribution as a benchmark that reflects a comparatively neutral set of policies and institutions, Sweden's employment distribution is sharply tilted away from lower wage industries, less capital-intensive industries, and industries characterized by greater employment shares for smaller firms and establishments. Compared to other OECD economies, Sweden has the lowest rate of self employment, a dominant role for larger firms, and highly concentrated ownership and control of private-sector economic activity.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 5237.

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Date of creation: Aug 1995
Publication status: published as Industrial Policy, Employer Size, and Economic Performance in Sweden , Steven J. Davis, Magnus Henrekson. in The Welfare State in Transition: Reforming the Swedish Model , Freeman, Topel, and Swedenborg. 1997
Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:5237
Note: LS
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Find related papers by JEL classification:
  • L52 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
  • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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