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Electricity Price Distributions in Future Renewables-Dominant Power Grids and Policy Implications

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Listed:
  • Dharik S. Mallapragada
  • Cristian Junge
  • Cathy Xun Wang
  • Johannes Pfeifenberger
  • Paul L. Joskow
  • Richard Schmalensee

Abstract

Future electricity systems with tight constraints on carbon emissions will rely much more on wind and solar generation, with zero marginal cost, than today. We use capacity expansion modelling of Texas in 2050 to illustrate wholesale price distributions in future energy-only, carbon-constrained grids without price caps under a range of technology/system assumptions. Tightening carbon emissions constraints dramatically increases the frequency of very low prices. The frequency of high prices also increases, and all resources earn the bulk of their energy market revenues in relatively few hours. The presence of demand response, long-duration energy storage, dispatchable low-carbon generation, or a robust market for hydrogen for non-electricity use (and for energy storage) weakens but does not undo these results. Financial instruments to hedge price volatility will consequently be more costly and it is likely that we will need to redesign capacity remuneration mechanisms to provide adequate incentives for optimal investment in VRE generation and, particularly, storage. In order to encourage economy-wide electrification, the marginal retail price of electricity should be low whenever the wholesale price is low. With automated control of demand via demand response contracts, the risks of price volatility faced by retail customers can be mitigated without sacrificing efficiency. To encourage economy-wide electrification, the marginal retail price of electricity should be low when the wholesale spot price is low. We discuss ways of reducing consumers’ risk in this world while providing adequate investment incentives.

Suggested Citation

  • Dharik S. Mallapragada & Cristian Junge & Cathy Xun Wang & Johannes Pfeifenberger & Paul L. Joskow & Richard Schmalensee, 2021. "Electricity Price Distributions in Future Renewables-Dominant Power Grids and Policy Implications," NBER Working Papers 29510, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29510
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    Cited by:

    1. Farhad Billimoria & Paul Simshauser, 2023. "Contract design for storage in hybrid electricity markets," Working Papers EPRG2304, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q49 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Other

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