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The uneasy coexistence of the Spanish foral and common regional finance systems

Author

Listed:
  • Antoni Zabalza Martí

    (Dpto. Análisis Económico)

  • Julio López-Laborda

    (Dpto. Estructura e H.ª Económica y Economía Pública)

Abstract

This paper develops a model which integrates the foral or cupo system applied to the Basque Country and Navarre, with the common system applied to the other fifteen Spanish autonomous communities. This approach contributes to the understanding of the relationship between foral, non-foral and central jurisdictions, and offers a complete and integrated picture of the whole Spanish system of regional finance. We show that the cupo is nothing more than an indirect form of measuring the equalising transfer between the central government and the corresponding autonomous jurisdiction. If expenditure needs are defined consistently over the whole system, the cupo form per se -the indirect manner of measuring the transfer- is completely neutral. The cause of the economic advantage associated with the cupo is the particular imputation procedure used to measure it, which biases the scales in favour of foral communities. The model can readily be estimated with available empirical data. Regarding the Basque Country, we find that out of a 109.1% observed excess of resources per capita, an excess of 61.1% is justified by differences in responsibilities between this jurisdiction and non-foral communities, leaving an unjustified excess of 29.8%. The model has clear implications for reform: we show that, even respecting the indirect form of measuring it, the cupo can be redefined so that foral communities have access to the same amount of resources per capita as non-foral communities. El trabajo desarrolla un modelo que integra los sistemas común y foral de financiación autonómica. Este enfoque permite entender las relaciones entre el nivel central y las comunidades de régimen común y foral y ofrece una imagen completa e integrada de la financiación autonómica. El trabajo muestra que el cupo no es más que una forma indirecta de calcular la transferencia de nivelación entre el gobierno central y la correspondiente región. Si las necesidades de gasto se miden de manera consistente para todo el sistema, la forma de cálculo del cupo es completamente neutral. La existencia de una ventaja económica deriva del procedimiento de imputación que se sigue para calcular el cupo. Estimando el modelo con los datos disponibles, encontramos que, de un exceso observado de recursos per cápita del 109,1% para el País Vasco, un 61,1% está justificado por las diferencias competenciales con las comunidades de régimen común, quedando un exceso injustificado del 29,8%. El modelo tiene claras implicaciones de reforma: incluso respetando el procedimiento indirecto para calcularlo, se pude redefinir el cupo de manera que las comunidades forales dispongan de los mismos recursos per cápita que las comunidades de régimen común.

Suggested Citation

  • Antoni Zabalza Martí & Julio López-Laborda, 2014. "The uneasy coexistence of the Spanish foral and common regional finance systems," Working Papers. Serie EC 2014-02, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie).
  • Handle: RePEc:ivi:wpasec:2014-02
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Antoni Zabalza & Julio López-Laborda, 2011. "The new Spanish system of intergovernmental transfers," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 18(6), pages 750-786, December.
    2. Antoni Zabalza, 2012. "Una nota sobre el ajuste del IVA en el sistema foral de financiación: Marco analítico y propuesta de un nuevo mecanismo," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 202(3), pages 105-123, September.
    3. Carlos Monasterio Escudero, 2010. "Federalismo fiscal y sistema foral. ¿Un concierto desafinado?," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 192(1), pages 59-103, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. López-Laborda Julio & Rodrigo Fernando, 2022. "Mobility of Top Income Taxpayers in Response to Regional Differences in Personal Taxes: Evidence from Spain," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 16(1), pages 152-169, January.
    2. Juan Aparicio & Jose Manuel Cordero & Carlos Díaz-Caro, 2020. "Efficiency and productivity change of regional tax offices in Spain: an empirical study using Malmquist–Luenberger and Luenberger indices," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 1403-1434, September.
    3. Santiago Lago-Peñas & Xoaquín Fernández-Leiceaga & Alberto Vaquero-García, 2017. "Spanish fiscal decentralization: A successful (but still unfinished) process," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 35(8), pages 1509-1525, December.
    4. López-Laborda, Julio & Zabalza, Antoni, 2018. "Redistributive effects of regional transfers: a conceptual framework," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 41, pages 53-90.
    5. Diego Martínez López & Fernando González González, 2022. "Los objetivos de déficit en las Comunidades Autónomas: una propuesta basada en la deuda," Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, IEF, vol. 241(2), pages 105-141, June.
    6. Emilio Calvo, 2021. "Redistribution of tax resources: a cooperative game theory approach," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 12(4), pages 633-686, December.
    7. Greer, Scott L. & Dubin, Kenneth A. & Falkenbach, Michelle & Jarman, Holly & Trump, Benjamin D., 2023. "Alignment and authority: Federalism, social policy, and COVID-19 response," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 12-18.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financiación regional; España; sistema común; sistema foral. Regional Finance; Spain; Foral System; Common System;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H7 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

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