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Transporte y cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe: brechas de conocimiento y prioridades de investigación

Author

Listed:
  • Beltrán, Carlos
  • Rivas, María Eugenia
  • Calatayud, Agustina

Abstract

El cambio climático (CC) representa uno de los desafíos globales más grandes en la actualidad. A nivel global, las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) provenientes del sector transporte representan el 25% del total. En el caso de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), el sector genera el 40% de las emisiones de CO2 de la región, siendo el principal emisor. Asimismo, en las últimas décadas el incremento en la frecuencia e intensidad de fenómenos climáticos extremos como sequías, lluvias y temperaturas extremas ha causado fallas e interrupciones en la infraestructura y servicios de transporte, con altos costos para las economías y poblaciones de la región. ALC se encuentra rezagada en la adopción de políticas para reducir las emisiones y aumentar la resiliencia del sector transporte debido a la falta de información, la falta de priorización en políticas públicas, la incertidumbre tecnológica y los altos costos asociados en un contexto fiscal restrictivo. Este estudio aborda la barrera asociada a la falta de información y análisis sobre la relación entre transporte y CC en ALC que, a su vez, impacta en las demás barreras. El análisis identifica los temas y preguntas clave para contribuir al desarrollo de la investigación académica en transporte y CC en ALC, a través de cuatro etapas: (i) revisión de literatura global y regional; (ii) análisis de prioridades de investigación en la región; (iii) elaboración de propuesta de áreas y preguntas de investigación; y (iv) validación y priorización de las áreas y preguntas propuestas. Los resultados de la identificación y priorización de temas y preguntas de investigación resaltan la necesidad de un enfoque equilibrado que abarque aspectos sociales, económicos y técnicos del transporte y CC en ALC. Las principales prioridades de investigación se relacionan con las temáticas de inclusión y transición justa; los escenarios y trayectorias de descarbonización y adaptación al CC; y el financiamiento de las medidas de mitigación y adaptación, destacando la importancia de abordar las desigualdades, las necesidades de inversión y la coordinación intersectorial.

Suggested Citation

  • Beltrán, Carlos & Rivas, María Eugenia & Calatayud, Agustina, 2024. "Transporte y cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe: brechas de conocimiento y prioridades de investigación," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13865, Inter-American Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:brikps:13865
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013262
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • L91 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Transportation: General
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • R40 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - General

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