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Global Giants and Local Stars: How Changes in Brand Ownership Affect Competition

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  • Alviarez, Vanessa
  • Head, Keith
  • Mayer, Thierry

Abstract

We assess the consequences for consumers in 76 countries of multinational acquisitions in beer and spirits. Outcomes depend on how changes in ownership affect markups versus efficiency. We find that owner fixed effects contribute very little to the performance of brands. On average, foreign ownership tends to raise costs and lower appeal. Using the estimated model, we simulate the consequences of counter-factual national merger regulation. The US beer price index would have been 4-7% higher without divestitures. Up to 30% savings could have been obtained in Latin America by emulating the pro-competition policies of the US and EU.

Suggested Citation

  • Alviarez, Vanessa & Head, Keith & Mayer, Thierry, 2021. "Global Giants and Local Stars: How Changes in Brand Ownership Affect Competition," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 11329, Inter-American Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:idb:brikps:11329
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003333
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    Cited by:

    1. Chiara Bellucci & Armando Rungi, 2024. "Procompetitive effects of vertical takeovers. Evidence from the European Union," Papers 2411.12412, arXiv.org, revised May 2025.
    2. Yann Delaprez & Morgane Guignard, 2024. "Merger Remedies and Bargaining Power in the Coffee Market," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2088, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Federico Carril-Caccia & Aitor Garmendia-Lazcano & Asier Minondo, 2023. "Social ties and home bias in mergers and acquisitions," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 159(3), pages 563-593, August.
    4. Cavenaile, Laurent & Celik, Murat Alp & Tian, Xu, 2021. "The Dynamic Effects of Antitrust Policy on Growth and Welfare," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 42-59.
    5. Xinghua Deng & Ran Jing & Zheng Liang, 2020. "Trade liberalisation and domestic brands: Evidence from China's accession to the WTO," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(8), pages 2237-2262, August.
    6. Jose Asturias & Marco Sanfilippo & Asha Sundaram, 2024. "Foreign Direct Investment, Geography, and Welfare," Working Papers 24-45, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    7. Chiara Bellucci & Armando Rungi, 2023. "Navigating Uncertainty: Multinationals’ Investment Strategies after the Pandemic Shock," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 9(3), pages 967-996, November.
    8. Ziran Ding, 2022. "Firm heterogeneity, variable markups, and multinational production: A review from trade policy perspective," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(5), pages 1311-1357, December.
    9. Cole, Matthew T. & McCullough, Michael, 2023. "California beer price posting: An exploratory analysis of pricing along the supply chain," Journal of Wine Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(3), pages 205-225, August.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • F61 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Microeconomic Impacts
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • K21 - Law and Economics - - Regulation and Business Law - - - Antitrust Law

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