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Statistical error bounds for weighted mean and median, with application to robust aggregation of cryptocurrency data

Author

Listed:
  • Michaël Allouche

    (Kaiko [Paris])

  • Mnacho Echenim

    (LIG - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, CAPP - Calculs algorithmes programmes et preuves - LIG - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes)

  • Emmanuel Gobet

    (CMAP - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique - X - École polytechnique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Anne-Claire Maurice

    (Kaiko [Paris])

Abstract

We study price aggregation methodologies applied to crypto-currency prices with quotations fragmented on different platforms. An intrinsic difficulty is that the price returns and volumes are heavytailed, with many outliers, making averaging and aggregation challenging. While conventional methods rely on Volume-Weighted Average Prices (called VWAPs), or Volume-Weighted Median prices (called VWMs), we develop a new Robust Weighted Median (RWM) estimator that is robust to price and volume outliers. Our study is based on new probabilistic concentration inequalities for weighted means and weighted quantiles under different tail assumptions (heavy tails, sub-gamma tails, sub-Gaussian tails). This justifies that fluctuations of VWAP and VWM are statistically important given the heavy-tailed properties of volumes and/or prices. We show that our RWM estimator overcomes this problem and also satisfies all the desirable properties of a price aggregator. We illustrate the behavior of RWM on synthetic data (within a parametric model close to real data): our estimator achieves a statistical accuracy twice as good as its competitors, and also allows to recover realized volatilities in a very accurate way. Tests on real data are also performed and confirm the good behavior of the estimator on various use cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Michaël Allouche & Mnacho Echenim & Emmanuel Gobet & Anne-Claire Maurice, 2023. "Statistical error bounds for weighted mean and median, with application to robust aggregation of cryptocurrency data," Working Papers hal-04017151, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04017151
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-04017151
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    robust aggregation; weighted mean and quantile estimation; heavy tails; concentration inequalities; outliers;
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