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Les configurations d'aide familiales mobilisées autour des personnes âgées dépendantes en Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Roméo Fontaine

    (Legos - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion des Organisations de Santé - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres)

  • Agnès Gramain

    (Legos - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion des Organisations de Santé - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres)

  • Jérôme Wittwer

    (Legos - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion des Organisations de Santé - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres)

Abstract

L'enquête Share permet d'étudier l'aide apportée par leurs enfants aux personnes dépendantes âgées d'au moins 65 ans, dans les pays d'Europe. Comment les comportements individuels s'articulent-ils pour donner lieu à des configurations familiales d'aide ? Deux modalités d'implication sont envisagées, selon que les enfants cohabitent ou non avec leur parent dépendant. La proportion de personnes âgées dépendantes recevant un soutien de leur entourage, sous une forme ou sous l'autre, est remarquablement homogène : de 79 % en Suède et aux Pays-Bas à 87 % en Italie. Dans les pays du Nord, la moindre cohabitation inter-générationnelle est en effet compensée par une aide plus fréquente des enfants non cohabitants. Dans les six pays étudiés ici, l'implication des enfants est plus forte lorsque le degré de dépendance du parent est plus élevé et lorsqu'il n'a pas de conjoint. Cependant, le gradient Nord-Sud se retrouve dans la manière dont les enfants s'adaptent à l'absence de conjoint auprès de leur parent dépendant : accroissement de la cohabitation des filles au Sud, accroissement de l'aide " à distance " des fils comme des filles au Nord. La présence d'un conjoint auprès du parent dépendant semble modifier les logiques d'implication des enfants. Si le parent dépendant bénéficie de l'aide de son conjoint l'implication des enfants relève de décisions individuelles conduisant à une probabilité de soutien croissante avec le nombre d'enfants. L'implication auprès des parents sans conjoint relèverait au contraire d'une logique de fratrie visant à leur assurer une probabilité de soutien identique quel que soit le nombre de leurs enfants. Dans les fratries de deux enfants dont le parent est seul, une interaction asymétrique se dessine entre les comportements de l'aîné et du cadet. En moyenne, l'implication du cadet dépendrait de celle de l'aîné (la probabilité de s'impliquer du cadet serait plus faible si l'aîné s'implique lui-même), mais non l'inverse.

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  • Roméo Fontaine & Agnès Gramain & Jérôme Wittwer, 2007. "Les configurations d'aide familiales mobilisées autour des personnes âgées dépendantes en Europe," Post-Print halshs-00705566, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00705566
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Pestieau, Pierre & Ponthiere, Gregory, 2016. "Long-term care and births timing," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 340-357.
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    6. Catherine Pollak & Nicolas Sirven, 2011. "The social economy of ageing : Job quality and pathways beyond the labour market in Europe," Post-Print halshs-00639928, HAL.
    7. Bonnet, Carole & Gobillon, Laurent & Laferrère, Anne, 2010. "The effect of widowhood on housing and location choices," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 94-108, June.
    8. Thomas Barnay & Carine Franc & Florence Jusot, 2015. "Introduction : La santé et les soins : prise en charge, déterminants sociaux, conséquences professionnelles," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 475(1), pages 17-29.
    9. Franck Bien & Arnold Chassagnon & Manuel Plisson, 2012. "Est-il rationnel de ne pas s'assurer contre la dépendance ?," PSE - Labex "OSE-Ouvrir la Science Economique" halshs-00754579, HAL.
    10. Thomas Barnay & Carine Franc & Florence Jusot, 2015. "Introduction générale. La santé et les soins : prise en charge, déterminants sociaux, conséquences professionnelles," Post-Print hal-02431053, HAL.
    11. Roméo Fontaine & Agnès Gramain & Jérôme Wittwer, 2009. "Providing care for an elderly parent: interactions among siblings?," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(9), pages 1011-1029, September.
    12. Barnay, Thomas & Juin, Sandrine, 2016. "Does home care for dependent elderly people improve their mental health?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 149-160.
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    14. Franck Bien & Arnold Chassagnon & Manuel Plisson, 2011. "Est-il rationnel de ne pas s'assurer contre la dépendance ?," Revue française d'économie, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(4), pages 161-199.
    15. Agnès Gramain & Jérôme Wittwer, 2010. "Prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes : quels enjeux économiques ?," Post-Print halshs-00705568, HAL.
    16. Bonnet, Carole & Gobillon, Laurent & Laferrère, Anne, 2010. "The effect of widowhood on housing and location choices," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 94-108, June.

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