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La construction d'une culture du risque dans les organisations : entre conformité réglementaire et apprentissage collectif

Author

Listed:
  • Mohamed Ali Abdelwahed

    (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord)

  • Luc Marco

    (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord)

Abstract

La gestion des risques constitue aujourd'hui un enjeu central pour les organisations de santé et médico-sociales, en particulier pour les établissements d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD), confrontés à des risques multiples liés à la vulnérabilité des résidents et à la complexité des situations de prise en charge. Dans ce contexte, les politiques publiques ont progressivement renforcé les exigences de qualité et de sécurité, conduisant à l'institutionnalisation de nombreux dispositifs de gestion des risques. Toutefois, la littérature en sciences de gestion souligne que la prévention des incidents ne repose pas uniquement sur des procédures formalisées, mais dépend également des dynamiques culturelles et organisationnelles qui orientent les comportements des acteurs. Cet article analyse les conditions de construction d'une culture organisationnelle du risque dans les EHPAD, en mettant en évidence la tension entre une logique de conformité réglementaire et une logique d'apprentissage collectif. L'étude s'appuie sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès de professionnels du secteur médico-social (directeurs, cadres de santé, infirmiers et aides-soignants). Les données recueillies à partir d'entretiens semi-directifs et d'observations ont fait l'objet d'une analyse thématique. Les résultats montrent que si les dispositifs formels de gestion des risques jouent un rôle structurant, la prévention effective des situations critiques repose largement sur les savoirs pratiques des professionnels et sur les mécanismes de coordination informelle au sein des équipes. La construction d'une culture du risque apparaît ainsi comme un processus organisationnel reposant sur la capacité des collectifs de travail à analyser les incidents et à transformer les erreurs en opportunités d'apprentissage. Cette recherche souligne enfin le rôle déterminant du management dans la promotion d'une culture de transparence et d'apprentissage organisationnel.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed Ali Abdelwahed & Luc Marco, 2017. "La construction d'une culture du risque dans les organisations : entre conformité réglementaire et apprentissage collectif," Post-Print hal-05552381, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05552381
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05552381v1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James G. March, 1991. "Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 2(1), pages 71-87, February.
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