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Inside money and monetary neutrality

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  • Peter R. Hartley
  • Carl E. Walsh

Abstract

This paper examines the interaction between the financial and real sectors of the economy within the framework of a stochastic, rational expectation model that distinguishes between inside and outside money. The model also can be used to study the impact of variations in the degree of intermediation, measured by the elasticity of bank deposit supply. In contrast to earlier work which emphasized confusion between monetary and real shocks, we focus on the role played by confusion between inside and outside money and temporary and permanent base money disturbances. Financial sector disturbances, as well as temporary shocks to the monetary base, are shown to have real effects even when private agents have complete information. When contemporaneous information on economic disturbances is incomplete, permanent shocks to the monetary base also have real effects. If our model is correct, it is invalid to reject equilibrium models of the business cycle on the grounds that anticipated money affects output. We argue that this result is robust in the sense that many \"reasonable\" models which incorporate inside money would yield a non-neutrality of portfolio and temporary base money supply shocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter R. Hartley & Carl E. Walsh, 1986. "Inside money and monetary neutrality," Working Papers in Applied Economic Theory 86-01, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedfap:86-01
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    Cited by:

    1. Takino, Kazuhiro & Ishinagi, Yoshikazu, 2023. "Are banks risk-averse or risk-neutral investors?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    2. Pedro J. Gutiérrez-Diez & Tibor Pál, 2023. "Monetary policy models: lessons from the Eurozone crisis," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, December.
    3. Luca Guerrieri & Matteo Iacoviello & Raoul Minetti, 2013. "Banks, Sovereign Debt, and the International Transmission of Business Cycles," NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 9(1), pages 181-213.
    4. Takino, Kazuhiro & Ishinagi, Yoshikazu, 2022. "On mean–variance analysis of a bank’s behavior," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 46(PA).
    5. Peter R. Hartley & Carl E. Walsh, 1988. "Financial intermediation, monetary policy, and equilibrium business cycles," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Fall, pages 19-28.
    6. Peter Stemp, 1993. "Optimal money supply rules under asymmetric objective criteria," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 215-232, October.
    7. Demid Golikov, 2005. "Financial Intermediary In Monetary Economics: An Excerpt," Macroeconomics 0510018, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Uri Benzion & Yochanan Shachmurove & Joseph Yagil, 2004. "Subjective discount functions - an experimental approach," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(5), pages 299-311.
    9. Stracca, Livio, 2007. "Should we take inside money seriously?," Working Paper Series 841, European Central Bank.
    10. Stracca, Livio, 2013. "Inside Money In General Equilibrium: Does It Matter For Monetary Policy?," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 17(3), pages 563-590, April.

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